Directional Correlation Study of Gamma Cascades in the Decay of Sb124

The delay scheme of sb124 studied and the gamma-gamma directional correlation measurements are carried out for few cascades.On the basis of the experimental data on directional correlations, the spin assignments are made for the 603, 1326, 1964, 2313, 2688 keV excited levels of Te124. Multipole assignments are made for 989, 1362 keV transitions

Catalytic non-thermal plasma reactor for the decomposition of a mixture of volatile organic compounds

The decomposition of mixture of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been studied in a catalytic non-thermal plasma dielectric barrier discharge reactor. The VOCs mixture consisting n-hexane, cyclo-hexane and p-xylene was chosen for the present study. The decomposition characteristics of mixture of VOCs by the DBD reactor with inner electrode modified with metal oxides of Mn and Co was studied. The results indicated that the order of the removal efficiency of VOCs followed as p-xylene > cyclo-hexane > n-hexane. Among the catalytic study, MnOx/SMF (manganese oxide on sintered metal fibres electrode) shows better performance, probably due to the formation of active oxygen species by in situ decomposition of ozone on the catalyst surface. Water vapour further enhanced the performance due to the in situ formation of OH radicals. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

DNA fluorescence probes based on side-chain chlorinated benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides

Several side chain chlorinated benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides functionalized with various types of terminals at the 5- and 9-amino positions of the heteroaromatic ring were used in photophysical studies with DNA. It was found that the functionalised terminal has a dramatic influence on the type of interaction with the amino group at the 9-amino position greatly promoting intercalation.Thanks are due to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) for its financial support of a BPD to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009), CQUM and CFUM

Synthesis and photophysical properties of side-chain chlorinated 5,9-diaminobenzo[a]phenoxazinium salts

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal). National Program for Scientific Re-equipment, contract REDE/1517/RMN/2005 with funds from POCI 2010 (FEDER) and FCT

Synthesis, photophysical characterisation and photostability studies of NIR probes with aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated terminals in 5- and 9-amino positions of benzo[a]phenoxazines

A new series of benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides possessing mono- or disubstituted amines with 3-chloropropyl groups at the 9-position, isopropyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl groups as terminals at 5-postion was synthesised. Photophysical studies were performed in dry ethanol and aqueous solutions. The terminals at the 5-amino position were found to influence the acid-base equilibrium. The presence of hydroxyl functionality at 2-position was found to introduce an additional basic form that is the one in equilibrium with the cationic acid form in dry ethanol solutions. The photostability of these compounds in different media was also investigated and a high resistance to photobleaching in model biological membranes was observed. In proteins a moderate of 20% photobleaching occurs in 1h 30min, while in water more than 60% of the compound molecules are photodegraded during the same time interval.Thanks are due to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the NMR portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to Research Centres CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2013 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037302)] and CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2013 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022711)]. Post-doctoral grant to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009) is also acknowledged to FCT, POPH-QREN, FSE

Benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides functionalized with chloride atoms and/or ester groups

Proceedings of the 19th Int. Electron. Conf. Synth. Org. Chem.With the aim of contributing to the development of fluorescent near-infrared (NIR) probes with applications in biomedicine, our research group is committed to the development of new water-soluble benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives and the evaluation of their photophysical and biological potential. Herein we report the photophysical behaviour in anhydrous ethanol of four synthesised benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides, possessing the (3-chloropropyl)amino and/or (4-ethoxy-4- oxobutyl)amino groups at 5- and 9-positions of the polycyclic system.Thanks are due to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the NMR portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to the Research Centres CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2011 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022711)] and CQ/UM [PEstC/QUI/UI0686/2013(FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022716)]. A post-doctoral grant to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009) is also acknowledged to FCT, POPH-QREN, FSE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New benzo[a]phenoxazines bearing the (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino group: synthesis and photophysical properties

Synthesis of new benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides possessing the (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5- triazin-2-yl)amino at 5-amino function of the heterocycles is described. The preliminary photophysical properties of these compounds in anhydrous ethanol when acidified with TFA or basified with TEAH is also investigated, as well as their response in aqueous media. These benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides exhibited fluorescence with maximum emission wavelengths between 628 and 676 nm, in anhydrous ethanol and water.Thanks are due to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the NMR portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to the Research Centres CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2011 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022711)] and CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2013(FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022716)]. A post-doctoral grant to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009) is also acknowledged to FCT, POPH-QREN, FSE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synthesis and photophysical studies of new benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides as potential antifungal agents

A set of four new benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides possessing ethyl, propyl, decyl and tetradecyl groups at the 9-amino function of the heterocycle along with a propyl group at the 5-amino position was efficiently synthesised. These compounds displayed fluorescence with maximum emission wavelengths of 673 and 685 nm, in anhydrous ethanol and water. All the benzo[a]phenoxazines were evaluated against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a broth microdilution assay. It was found that their antifungal activity depended on the variation in the lengths of the aliphatic chains. The highest MIC activity of 1.56 µM was obtained for compound 7 comprising a di-alkylated propyl substituent at 9-amino position and a propyl chain at the 5-amino position of the heterocycle core.FEDER-COMPETE-QREN-EUFSEThanks are due to the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the NMR portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to the Research Centres CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2011 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-022711)] and CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022716)]. A post-doctoral grant to B. R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009) is also acknowledged to FCT, POPH-QREN, FSE. This work was supported by the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI).ERDFPOPH-QRENCOMPETE202

Application of benzo[a]phenoxazinium chlorides in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Candida albicans biofilms

The use of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) as a new approach to treat localized Candida infections is an emerging and promising field nowadays. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using two new benzo[a]phenoxazinium photosensitizers against Candida albicans biofilms: N-[5-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-10-methyl-9H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-9-ylidene]ethanaminium chloride (FSc) and N-(5-(11-hydroxyundecylamino)-10-methyl-9H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-9-ylidene)ethanaminium chloride (FSd). The photodynamic activity of dyes against C. albicans biofilms was evaluated by incubating biofilms with dyes in the range of 100-300 μM for 3 or 18 h followed by illumination at 12 or 36 J cm-2, using a xenon arc lamp (600 ± 2 nm). A total photoinactivation of C. albicans biofilm cells was achieved using 300 μM of FSc with18 h of incubation, followed by illumination at 36 J cm-2. Contrarily, FSd had insignificant effect on biofilms inactivation by APDT. The higher uptake of FSc than FSd dye by biofilms during the dark incubation may explain the greater photodynamic effectiveness achieved with FSc. The results obtained stresses out the FSc-mediated APDT potential use to treat C. albicans infections.This work was supported by the research grant SFRH/BD/72742/2010 from "Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia" (FCT), Portugal. The authors also thank the Project "BioHealth - Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches to improve health quality", Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - 0 Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER and the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013. In addition, financial to Centre of Chemistry and Centre of Physics through CQ/UM [PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2013 (FCOMP-01-0124FEDER-037302)] and CFUM [PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2013 (F-COMP-01-0124-FEDER-037291)], as well as a post-doctoral grant to B.R. Raju (SFRH/BPD/62881/2009) is also acknowledged to FCT, POPH-QREN, FSE

Role of Technology and Credit in Improving Farm Incomes in Rainfed Regions in Andhra Pradesh

Improving the productivity of rainfed agriculture and income of farmers is important to achieve sustainable and equitable growth. This paper has examined the role of technology and credit, the two important factors of agricultural growth, in increasing farm incomes using farm-level data from three rainfed districts, namely Adilabad, Mahabubnagar and Rangareddy of Andhra Pradesh for the year 2010-2011. For the study, optimum crop plans were developed in a linear programming framework, and the results have indicated considerable scope for enhancing farm incomes by re-allocation of resources, adoption of improved technologies and enhancing access to capital or credit. Improved technology could increase the net returns of farmers by 20-84 per cent, depending upon their farm categories in the study districts. In the absence of credit, the net returns declined up to 80 per cent, especially for small farmers. In the absence of credit, the suggested optimum farm plans are not income-maximizing, and were found to lead to inefficient use of resources, especially of land