N=1 Non-Abelian Tensor Multiplet in Four Dimensions

We carry out the N=1 supersymmetrization of a physical non-Abelian tensor with non-trivial consistent couplings in four dimensions. Our system has three multiplets: (i) The usual non-Abelian vector multiplet (VM) (A_\mu{}^I, \lambda^I), (ii) A non-Abelian tensor multiplet (TM) (B_{\mu\nu}{}^I, \chi^I, \varphi^I), and (iii) A compensator vector multiplet (CVM) (C_\mu{}^I, \rho^I). All of these multiplets are in the adjoint representation of a non-Abelian group G. Unlike topological theory, all of our fields are propagating with kinetic terms. The C_\mu{}^I-field plays the role of a Stueckelberg compensator absorbed into the longitudinal component of B_{\mu\nu}{}^I. We give not only the component lagrangian, but also a corresponding superspace reformulation, reconfirming the total consistency of the system. The adjoint representation of the TM and CVM is further generalized to an arbitrary real representation of general SO(N) gauge group. We also couple the globally N=1 supersymmetric system to supergravity, as an additional non-trivial confirmation.Comment: 18 pages, no figur

A BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SPIN BOWLING IN CRICKET

The main aim of this study was to evaluating the various relationships of the identified biomechanical variables towards the performance of spin bowling and evaluating the contribution of identified biomechanical variables and construction of predictive model. Five interuniversity level leg-spin bowlers were recruited from LNIPE, India, and their bowling actions were captured by three video cameras, in a field setting. A value of α = 0.05 was used for all tests as the criterion to determine the presence or absence of significance. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient (r) was used for evaluating the various relationships of the selected variables towards the performance of spin bowling. Significant relationship was found between the Angle of Release (r = 0.965, P < 0.05), Average Velocity (r = 0.541, P < 0.05), Elbow joint Right (r = -0.392, P < 0.05), Hip Joint left (r = 0.402, P < 0.05), and Shoulder joint left (r = -0.383, P < 0.05). Multiple Linear Regression was used for evaluating the contribution of identified biomechanical variables and construction of predictive model. The regression equation was reliable as the value of R2 was 0.945. The two variables selected in that regression equation explain 94.5% of the total variability in lateral deviation of ball was good. Since F-value for that regression model was highly significant, the model was reliable. This study provides further understanding of the biomechanical variables are associated with skilled performance in cricket leg-spin bowling, which coaches should consider when training less-skilled performers.  Article visualizations

Universal Seesaw Mass Matrix Model with an S_3 Symmetry

Stimulated by the phenomenological success of the universal seesaw mass matrix model, where the mass terms for quarks and leptons f_i (i=1,2,3) and hypothetical super-heavy fermions F_i are given by \bar{f}_L m_L F_R +\bar{F}_L m_R f_R + \bar{F}_L M_F F_R + h.c. and the form of M_F is democratic on the bases on which m_L and m_R are diagonal, the following model is discussed: The mass terms M_F are invariant under the permutation symmetry S_3, and the mass terms m_L and m_R are generated by breaking the S_3 symmetry spontaneously. The model leads to an interesting relation for the charged lepton masses.Comment: 8 pages + 1 table, latex, no figures, references adde

A Unified Description of Quark and Lepton Mass Matrices in a Universal Seesaw Model

In the democratic universal seesaw model, the mass matrices are given by \bar{f}_L m_L F_R + \bar{F}_L m_R f_R + \bar{F}_L M_F F_R (f: quarks and leptons; F: hypothetical heavy fermions), m_L and m_R are universal for up- and down-fermions, and M_F has a structure ({\bf 1}+ b_f X) (b_f is a flavour-dependent parameter, and X is a democratic matrix). The model can successfully explain the quark masses and CKM mixing parameters in terms of the charged lepton masses by adjusting only one parameter, b_f. However, so far, the model has not been able to give the observed bimaximal mixing for the neutrino sector. In the present paper, we consider that M_F in the quark sectors are still "fully" democratic, while M_F in the lepton sectors are partially democratic. Then, the revised model can reasonably give a nearly bimaximal mixing without spoiling the previous success in the quark sectors.Comment: 7 pages, no figur

Diagnostic concordance and discordance in digital pathology : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background – Digital pathology (DP) has the potential to fundamentally change the way that histopathology is practiced, by streamlining the workflow, increasing efficiency, improving diagnostic accuracy and facilitating the platform for implementation of artificial intelligence-based computerassisted diagnostics. Although the barriers to wider adoption of digital pathology have been multifactorial, limited evidence of reliability has been a significant contributor. A meta-analysis to demonstrate the combined accuracy and reliability of DP is still lacking in the literature. Objectives – We aimed to review the published literature on the diagnostic use of DP and to synthesise a statistically pooled evidence on safety and reliability of DP for routine diagnosis (primary and secondary) in the context of validation process. Methods – A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for studies published between 2013 and August 2019. The search protocol identified all studies comparing DP with light microscopy (LM) reporting for diagnostic purposes, predominantly including H&E stained slides. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool evidence from the studies. Results – Twenty five studies were deemed eligible to be included in the review which examined a total of 10,410 histology samples (average sample size 176). For overall concordance (clinical concordance) the agreement percentage was 98.3% (95% Confidence interval: 97.4 – 98.9) across 24 studies. A total of 546 major discordances were reported across 25 studies. Over half (57%) of these were related to assessment of nuclear atypia, grading of dysplasia and malignancy. These were followed by challenging diagnoses (26%) and identification of small objects (16%). Conclusion - The results of this meta-analysis indicate equivalent performance of DP in comparison to LM for routine diagnosis. Furthermore, the results provide valuable information concerning the areas of diagnostic discrepancy which may warrant particular attention in the transition to DP

Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing and a Relation Between Neutrino- and Charged Lepton-Mass Spectra

Brannen has recently pointed out that the observed charged lepton masses satisfy the relation m_e +m_\mu +m_\tau = {2/3} (\sqrt{m_e}+\sqrt{m_\mu}+\sqrt{m_\tau})^2, while the observed neutrino masses satisfy the relation m_{\nu 1} +m_{\nu 2} +m_{\nu 3} = {2/3} (-\sqrt{m_{\nu 1}}+\sqrt{m_{\nu 2}}+\sqrt{m_{\nu 3}})^2. It is discussed what neutrino Yukawa interaction form is favorable if we take the fact pointed out by Brannen seriously.Comment: 13 pages, presentation modifie

Virus-like particles derived from Pichia pastoris-expressed dengue virus type 1 glycoprotein elicit homotypic virus-neutralizing envelope domain III-directed antibodies

Background: Four antigenically distinct serotypes (1–4) of Dengue Viruses (DENVs) cause dengue disease. Antibodies to any one DENV serotype have the potential to predispose an individual to more severe disease upon infection with a different DENV serotype. A dengue vaccine must elicit homotypic neutralizing antibodies to all four DENV serotypes to avoid the risk of such antibody-dependent enhancement in the vaccine recipient. This is a formidable challenge as evident from the lack of protective efficacy against DENV-2 by a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine that has completed phase III trials recently. These trial data underscore the need to explore non-replicating subunit vaccine alternatives. Recently, using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, we showed that DENV-2 and DENV-3 envelope (E) glycoproteins, expressed in absence of prM, implicated in causing severe dengue disease, self-assemble into Virus-like Particles (VLPs), which elicit predominantly virus-neutralizing antibodies and confer significant protection against lethal DENV challenge in an animal model. The current study extends this work to a third DENV serotype. Results: We cloned and expressed DENV-1 E antigen in P. pastoris and purified it to near homogeneity. Recombinant DENV-1 E underwent post-translational processing, namely, signal peptide cleavage and glycosylation. Purified DENV-1 E self-assembled into stable VLPs, based on electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. Epitope mapping with monoclonal antibodies revealed that the VLPs retained the overall antigenic integrity of the virion particles despite the absence of prM. Subtle changes accompanied the efficient display of E domain III (EDIII), which contains type-specific neutralizing epitopes. These VLPs were immunogenic, eliciting predominantly homotypic EDIII-directed DENV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the inherent potential of P. pastoris-expressed DENV-1 E glycoprotein to self-assemble into VLPs eliciting predominantly homotypic neutralizing antibodies. This work justifies an investigation of the last remaining serotype, namely, DENV-4, to assess if it also shares the desirable vaccine potential manifested by the remaining three DENV serotypes. Such efforts could make it possible to envisage the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine based on VLPs of P. pastoris-expressed E glycoproteins of the four DENV serotypes

Neutrino Masses and Mixings in a Universal Seesaw Mass Matrix Model

Neutrino masses and mixings are investigated on the basis of a universal seesaw mass matrix model, in which quark (except for top) and charged lepton mass matrices M_f and neutrino mass matrix M_\nu are given by M_f \simeq m_L M_F^{-1} m_R and M_\nu \simeq m_L M_F^{-1} m_L^T (F=N), respectively. For a simple model which can successfully describe quark masses and mixings, we find that the observed neutrino data (except for the solar neutrino data) are favor to the intermediate mass scales O(m_R) = 10^{11} GeV and O(M_F)= 10^{13} GeV together with O(m_L)= 10^2 GeV. In spite of the largesse of O(m_R), the observed top quark mass can be consistently understood from the would-be seesaw mass matrix with these mass scales.Comment: 19 pages (Latex file

A Note on Embedding of M-Theory Corrections into Eleven-Dimensional Superspace

By analyzing eleven-dimensional superspace fourth-rank superfield strength F-Bianchi identities, we show that M-theory corrections to eleven-dimensional supergravity can not be embedded into the mass dimension zero constraints, such as the (\g^{a b})_{\a\b} X_{a b}{}^c or i (\g^{a_1... a_5})_{\a\b} X_{a_1... a_5}{}^c -terms in the supertorsion constraint T_{\a\b}{}^c. The only possible modification of superspace constraint at dimension zero is found to be the scaling of F_{\a\b c d} like F_{\a\b c d} = (1/2) \big(\g_{c d}\big)_{\a\b} e^\Phi for some real scalar superfield \Phi, which alone is further shown not enough to embed general M-theory corrections. This conclusion is based on the dimension zero F-Bianchi identity under the two assumptions: (i) There are no negative dimensional constraints on the F-superfield strength: F_{\a\b\g\d} = F_{\a\b\g d} =0; (ii) The supertorsion T-Bianchi identities and F-Bianchi identities are not modified by Chern-Simons terms. Our result can serve as a powerful tool for future exploration of M-theory corrections embedded into eleven-dimensional superspace supergravity.Comment: 14 pages, latex, some minor typos corrected, as well as old section 5 deleted, due to the subtlety about Chern-Simons term in F-Bianchi identitie

Crop establishment methods and Zn nutrition in Bt-cotton: Direct effects on system productivity, economic-efficiency and water-productivity in Bt-cotton-wheat cropping system and their residual effects on yield and Zn biofortification in wheat

A field experiment was conducted at New Delhi (India) during kharif and rabi seasons of 2013–14 and 2014–15 to assess the performance of 2 crop establishment methods (CEMs) of Bt-cotton [Direct sowing and transplanting] and 5 zinc (Zn) levels [0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 kg Zn/ha through zinc sulphate hepta hydrate (ZSHH) and 0.5% ZnSO4 (ZSHH) foliar spray at 60 and 90 days after planting] applied to Bt-cotton on the system productivity, production–efficiency, economic–efficiency and water–productivity of Bt-cotton–wheat cropping system; as well as their residual effects on succeeding wheat in a Bt-cotton–wheat cropping system (CWCS) in a semi–arid Indo–Gangetic Plains Region (IGPR). In succeeding wheat, the residual effects of Zn levels applied to cotton were also compared with direct effect of Zn applied to wheat by replacing the foliar Zn spray treatment of cotton with Zn @ 5 kg/ha in wheat. The results revealed that direct and residual effects of cotton CEMs were non–significant on yield attributes and yield of wheat. However, the residual effects of Zn @ 5 and 7.5 kg/ha were significant on yield attributes and yield of wheat. Direct effect of Zn @ 5 kg/ha applied in wheat was at par with residual effects of 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha applied to cotton. In general, wheat grain yield was enhanced by 12.6, 12.3 and 12.9% during 2013–14, and 9.9, 8.1 and 8.3% during 2014–15 over control due to direct and residual effect of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha, respectively. Similarly on wheat straw yield. The influence of cotton CEMs on CWCS system productivity was non–significant. However, direct and residual effects of Zn levels induced a marked variation in CWCS system productivity as well as residual Zn fertility. Successive increase in Zn levels from 0 to 5 kg/ha in cotton resulted in significant increase in system productivity; thereafter, application of Zn @ 7.5 kg/ha revealed a non–significant influence. On an average, CWCS system productivity enhanced by 7.7% due to direct effect of 5 kg Zn/ha applied to wheat, and by 4.8, 10 and 9.9% due to residual effect of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ ha over control. With successive increase in Zn–levels to cotton, a significant Zn–enrichment of wheat grain and straw was also observed. Cotton CEMs exhibited a significant influence on Zn content and uptake in wheat straw but with non-significant influence on wheat grains. Again, cotton CEMs exhibited a non–significant influence on system production–efficiency (PE), economic–efficiency (EE) and profitability. On the other hand, successive increase in Zn levels to cotton resulted in perceptible increase in system PE and EE up to 5 kg Zn/ha. Foliar Zn spray to cotton and direct Zn application to wheat also exhibited significant increase in system PE and EE over control, but, this treatment was at par with direct and residual effects of 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha. There was a significant influence of CEMs and Zn levels on water–use–efficiency (WUE) and water–productivity (WP) in CWCS. Residual effects of 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ ha applied to cotton resulted in significantly higher net returns (NR) and benefit: cost ratio (BCR). Direct effect of 5 kg Zn/ha to wheat also exhibited higher NR and BCR in CWCS over control and residual effect of 2.5 kg Zn/ha. Overall, successive increase in Zn–levels led to significant enhancement in system productivity, PE, EE and water productivity up to 5 kg Zn/ha. The residual effects of 5 and 7.5 kg Zn/ha applied to Bt-cotton exhibited a significant influence on productivity, profitability and Zn biofortification of succeeding wheat which also remained at par with direct application of 5 kg Zn/ha applied to wheat in a Bt-cotton–wheat cropping system in a semi–arid IGPR