An Congestion Control Based Cluster Approach for Effective Communication in VANET

Clustering in VANET is major controlling method used to make VANET worldwide topology less dynamic. Many of the VANET clustering methods are derived from mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In any case, VANET hubs are portrayed by their high versatility, and the presence of VANET hubs in the same geographic area does not imply that they show a similar portability designs. Along these lines, VANET grouping plans should contemplate over the level of the speed distinction among neighboring hubs to create moderately stable clustering structure. In this paper, we present another bunching system reasonable for the VANET condition on thruways with the point of upgrading the steadiness of the system topology. This method takes the speed distinction as a parameter to make moderately stable group structure. In this paper proposed to built up another multi-metric calculation for cluster head decisions. A reproduction was directed to assess our strategy and contrast it and the most usually utilized grouping strategies

Unlocking the Power of Online Gaming: Exploring Its Potential as a Language and Communication Tool in the English Classroom - A Survey

Online games are believed to have excellent potential because they can hold students’ attention for long durations. It empowers the learners to participate more actively in the whole learning process. Communication is crucial in industry and higher education, so students must be proficient in LSRW (listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) skills. This study used a quantitative research method, a survey questionnaire, to gather tertiary-level students' perspectives on utilising online games to strengthen language and communication abilities. The participants in this study were tertiary-level students, and their ages ranged between 17 and 24 years. Google Forms was used to gather the responses to the survey. The collected data has been analysed using the SPSS (Statistical software for the social sciences). The result of the study shows that the use of online games in English language learning is becoming more popular, and learners are more interested to learn and practice the language through online games

Free Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities from Leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan

Dietary intake of phytochemicals having antioxidant activity is associated with a lower risk of mortality from many diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the free radical scavenging, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of leaves of Acacia nilotica by using various methods. The results of the present study revealed that ethanol extract was the most effective and IC50 value was found to be 53.6 μg mL−1 for Vero cell lines and 28.9 μg mL−1 for Hela cell lines in cytotoxicity assays. The zone of color retention was 14.2 mm in β-carotene bleaching assay, which was as significant as positive control, butylated hydroxy toluene. None of the tested extracts possessed any hemolytic activity against rat and human erythrocytes revealing their cytotoxic mechanism and non-toxicity. Thus, only the ethanol extract could be considered as a potential source of anticancer and antioxidant compounds. Further phytochemical studies will be performed for specification of the biologically active principles

Sinteza novih derivata triazola kao anti-nociceptivnih i protuuaplnih agenasa

Eight novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized in order to obtain new compounds with potential anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. The titled compounds were synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. Compound (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanonitrile (1) with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy) and elemental analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for anti-nociceptive activity by the hot plate method and the writhing response method and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the carragenean induced paw edema method. 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone (3d) and 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl) (2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone (3g) exhibited significant anti-nociceptive activity. 1-(2-(1-Tosyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (3c) and 4-5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl sulfonyl)benzenamine (3f) elicited superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to other synthesized compounds. Further investigations are needed to discern the mechanism of action.Sintetizirano je osam novih 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-il)etil]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazola (3a-h), s potencijalnim anti-nociceptivnim i protuupalnim djelovanjem. Navedeni spojevi pripravljeni su kondenzacijom 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-il)etil]-1H-benzotriazola (2) i odgovarajućih kiselinskih klorida. Spoj 2 dobiven je reakcijom 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-il)propanonitrila (1) s natrijevim azidom i amonijevim kloridom u prisutnosti dimetilformamida. Sintetizirani spojevi su karakterizirani spektroskopskim metodama (IR, 1H NMR, spektroskopijom masa) i elementarnom analizom. Anti-nociceptivno djelovanje ispitivano je metodom vruće ploče i praćenjem odgovora na bolne podražaje, dok je protuupalno djelovanje evaluirano testom s karageninom. 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-il)etil)-1H-tetrazol-1-il)(4-aminofenil)metanon (3d) i 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-il)etil)-1H-tetrazol-1-il) (2-hidroksifenil)metanon (3g) pokazali su značajno anti-nociceptivno djelovanje. 1-(2-(1-Tosil-1H-tetrazol-5-il)etil)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol (3c) i 4-5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-il)etil)-1H-tetrazol-1-il sulfonil)benzenamin (3f) pokazali su superiorno protuupalno djelovanje u odnosu na druge sintetizirane spojeve. Daljnja istraživanja su nužna kako bi se razjasnio mehanizam djelovanja

Structural Stability and Level Density of Hot Rotating Doubly Magic Isotopes of Calcium

The recently reported doubly-magic nuclei 52Ca and 54Ca are discussed in comparison with the other magic isotopes of Calcium. the temperature effect is included in this study and hence the statistical approach to obtain the particle emission and level density are discussed in the context of temperature effect. We predict an increase in neutron emission for 54Ca due to the abrupt decrease in neutron separation energy around t=0.4MeV. Since the drop in the separation energy is closely associated with the structural changes in the rotating nuclei, relative increase in neutron emission probability around certain values of temperature may be construed as evidence for the shape transition. Such effects are not obtained for 40,48,52Ca isotopes. hence this statistical study reveals the higher stability of magic nature of 52Ca than 54Ca, against temperature

Investigation on the Turning Parameters for Surface Roughness using Taguchi Analysis

One of the important interests in the machining is attaining better surface roughness as well as dimensional accuracy. Polymer materials are continuously displacing the conventional materials. Their machining behavior is different in many aspects from machining of conventional metallic materials. Polymer based composite materials have superior properties for mechanical strength and stiffness, such as high strength-to-weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Fiber reinforced polymer composite materials are the one which are produced closer to the required shape, further machining is often necessary to achieve expected surface characteristics. This experimental study targets the machining of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material made into the form of tube. It examines various process parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut and their importance in deciding the surface roughness. Surface roughness was measured after machining is carried out under specified machining conditions. This experimental study focuses on the prediction of machining parameters that yield better surface characteristics in order to avoid machining of hard materials such as fiber reinforced composite materials so that enormous money spent in machining could be saved to some extent. For prediction this experimental study makes use of response surface methodology. The Taguchi method is used to solve many engineering problems. This work uses the Taguchi's orthogonal array method to find out the number of experiments to be carried out for turning operations. Also the analysis of variance is used to investigate the cutting parameters. In addition to the optimal cutting parameters for turning operations, the main cutting parameter that affect the cutting performance in turning operations could be found out

Power quality enhancement in induction motor drives by using custom power device

Rad se bavi nastojanjima za poboljšanje kvalitete električne energije indukcijskog motora kao i ublažavanjem posljedica zbog dulje neujednačenosti napona i također kratkog trajanja takvih promjenljivosti napona, stalnih prekida napona, neujednačenog pada i porasta napona ili možda i potpunog nestanka napona. Predloženi uređaj za ublažavanje ovih pojava je sasvim nova topologija dinamičkog obnavljača napona (dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). DVR ublažava djelovanje neuobičajeno velikih promjena napona i koristi visoko učinkovit prilagođen električni uređaj, t.j. dinamički obnavljač napona. Sastoji se od uređaja za akumuliranje električne energije, sustava za filtriranje, pretvarača izvora napona i ispravljača ubrizgavanja. Postoje brojni regulatori za ublažavanje abnormalnih napona. Predloženi pristup DVR-u temeljit će se na primijenjenoj metodologiji konverzije \u27abc do dqo\u27. Primjeri za demonstraciju mogu se naći u nekoliko slučajeva slabljenja, rasta i dodatnog harmonijskog nereda u naponu na kojima se pokazuju mogućnosti DVR-a. Izvršenje predložene strategije ispitano je pomoću demonstracije na računalu uporabom softvera MATLAB/SIMULINK.This paper focuses on the advancement of electric power quality tendencies of an induction motor as well as alleviating the consequence on account of the prolonged duration voltage discrepancy and also quite a short time period voltage variance of these kinds of that over voltage, under voltage continuous interruption, impermanent voltage fall together with voltage climb or maybe an entire disappearance of voltage. The proposed alleviating device is a brand new topology of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). A DVR is often familiar to alleviating the impact of unusually high voltage variations while making use of a highly effective custom electric power equipment that is to say dynamic voltage restorer. It contains an electric power storage device, filtration systems, voltage source inverters and also injection transformer. There are numerous categories of regulating approaches being employed for mitigation of abnormal voltages. The proposed control approach to DVR will be based upon the \u27abc to dqo\u27 conversion methodology employed. The demonstration outcomes can be found in several circumstances of sag, swell and additional harmonic disorder in the supply voltage which exhibits the reimbursement abilities of DVR. The performance of suggested strategy is examined with the aid of computer demonstration through the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK software

Studies on the Impact of Altitudinal Gradient on Ammonium Assimilatory Metabolism in Glycine max L. (Fabaceae)

Seedlings of Glycine max L. were grown, transplanted and acclimatized for 60 days at different altitudes (250, 400 and 1600 m). Response to shift in altitude was observed in the plants. Shoot length decreased with the increase in the altitude, while root length followed a reverse trend. Biomass accumulation in shoot and roots of G. max was the maximum at high altitude. Total soluble protein content was significantly high at low altitude in the shoot and the roots. Free tissue ammonia level in this species showed positive correlation with increasing altitude. Ammonium assimilatory enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were studied. GS/ GOGAT specific and total activity were altitude sensitive, whereas GDH activity exhibited inverse trend. Results indicate that there is a positive shift in ammonium assimilatory pathway in plants growing at high altitude

Impact of Altitudinal Gradient on Ammonium Assimilatory Enzymes in Rauvolfia teraphylla L. (Apocyanaceae) – A Perennial Medicinal Herb

Seedlings of Ravuolfia tetraphylla L. were grown, transplanted and acclimatized for 60 days at different altitudes gradient (250, 400 and 1600 m) in Yercaud, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Response to shift in altitude was observed in the test plants. Shoot length decreased with the increase in the altitude, while increase in the root length was directly proportional to the increase in the altitudinal gradient. Biomass accumulation in roots of R. tetraphylla recorded the maximum at high altitude at the same time shoot biomass was maximum at an intermediate height (400m), thereafter reduction in biomass was observed with the increase in the altitude. Total soluble protein content was significantly high at low altitude in the shoot while it followed a reverse trend in the roots. Likewise, free tissue ammonia level in this species showed positive correlation with increase in the altitude. Ammonium assimilatory enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were analyzed. GS/ GOGAT activity and specific activity were altitude sensitive, whereas GDH activity exhibited inverse trend. A positive shift in ammonium assimilatory pathway in test plants growing at high altitude was observed in R. tetraphylla