22 research outputs found
Warped products and Spaces of Constant Curvature
We will obtain the warped product decompositions of spaces of constant
curvature (with arbitrary signature) in their natural models as subsets of
pseudo-Euclidean space. This generalizes the corresponding result by S. Nolker
to arbitrary signatures, and has a similar level of detail. Although our
derivation is complete in some sense, none is proven. Motivated by
applications, we will give more information for the spaces with Euclidean and
Lorentzian signatures. This is an expository article which is intended to be
used as a reference. So we also give a review of the theory of circles and
spheres in pseudo-Riemannian manifolds
Concircular tensors in Spaces of Constant Curvature: With Applications to Orthogonal Separation of The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation
We study concircular tensors in spaces of constant curvature and then apply
the results obtained to the problem of the orthogonal separation of the
Hamilton-Jacobi equation on these spaces. Any coordinates which separate the
geodesic Hamilton-Jacobi equation are called separable. Specifically for spaces
of constant curvature, we obtain canonical forms of concircular tensors modulo
the action of the isometry group, we obtain the separable coordinates induced
by irreducible concircular tensors, and we obtain warped products adapted to
reducible concircular tensors. Using these results, we show how to enumerate
the isometrically inequivalent orthogonal separable coordinates, construct the
transformation from separable to Cartesian coordinates, and execute the
Benenti-Eisenhart-Kalnins-Miller (BEKM) separation algorithm for separating
natural Hamilton-Jacobi equations.Comment: Removed preamble and references to unpublished articles. Also made
some minor changes in the bod
Orthogonal Separation of the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation on Spaces of Constant Curvature
We review the theory of orthogonal separation of variables of the
Hamilton-Jacobi equation on spaces of constant curvature, highlighting key
contributions to the theory by Benenti. This theory revolves around a special
type of conformal Killing tensor, hereafter called a concircular tensor. First,
we show how to extend original results given by Benenti to intrinsically
characterize all (orthogonal) separable coordinates in spaces of constant
curvature using concircular tensors. This results in the construction of a
special class of separable coordinates known as Kalnins-Eisenhart-Miller
coordinates. Then we present the Benenti-Eisenhart-Kalnins-Miller separation
algorithm, which uses concircular tensors to intrinsically search for
Kalnins-Eisenhart-Miller coordinates which separate a given natural
Hamilton-Jacobi equation. As a new application of the theory, we show how to
obtain the separable coordinate systems in the two dimensional spaces of
constant curvature, Minkowski and (Anti-)de Sitter space. We also apply the
Benenti-Eisenhart-Kalnins-Miller separation algorithm to study the separability
of the three dimensional Calogero-Moser and Morosi-Tondo systems
Noise Flooding for Detecting Audio Adversarial Examples Against Automatic Speech Recognition
Neural models enjoy widespread use across a variety of tasks and have grown
to become crucial components of many industrial systems. Despite their
effectiveness and extensive popularity, they are not without their exploitable
flaws. Initially applied to computer vision systems, the generation of
adversarial examples is a process in which seemingly imperceptible
perturbations are made to an image, with the purpose of inducing a deep
learning based classifier to misclassify the image. Due to recent trends in
speech processing, this has become a noticeable issue in speech recognition
models. In late 2017, an attack was shown to be quite effective against the
Speech Commands classification model. Limited-vocabulary speech classifiers,
such as the Speech Commands model, are used quite frequently in a variety of
applications, particularly in managing automated attendants in telephony
contexts. As such, adversarial examples produced by this attack could have
real-world consequences. While previous work in defending against these
adversarial examples has investigated using audio preprocessing to reduce or
distort adversarial noise, this work explores the idea of flooding particular
frequency bands of an audio signal with random noise in order to detect
adversarial examples. This technique of flooding, which does not require
retraining or modifying the model, is inspired by work done in computer vision
and builds on the idea that speech classifiers are relatively robust to natural
noise. A combined defense incorporating 5 different frequency bands for
flooding the signal with noise outperformed other existing defenses in the
audio space, detecting adversarial examples with 91.8% precision and 93.5%
recall.Comment: Orally presented at the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Signal
Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
December 2018. 5 pages, 2 figure
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome arising from an Enteroatmospheric Fistula
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is a rare, life-threatening condition that is
characterized by profound thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, elevated
partial thromboplastin time, and may also be associated with microangiopathic
hemolytic anemia. It is well established that this phenomenon is notably
associated with the vascular tumors kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted
angioma; however, recent literature has suggested its presence in the settings
of various vascular malformations (i.e. without neoplastic proliferation of
endothelial cells). This report focuses on a patient in the first year of life,
who experienced a chronic, consumptive coagulopathy in the setting of a highly
vascular enteroatmospheric fistula. Sharing many features with the
aforementioned syndrome, this anomaly suggests a novel association of the
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon with a unique vascular malformation. Although
potentially lethal, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome can resolve with appropriate
diagnosis and management; uncovering new associations can help to improve
recognition and treatment in future cases