In-vitro Flowering in Vitex Trifolia L.

Direct organogenesis and in vitro flowering was obtained in Vitex trifolia L an endangered medicinal plant. High frequency and maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained from shoot tip explants on MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.96-15.85 µM) and IAA (5.70-22.83 µM). Regenerates, when transferred to rooting medium with IBA at concentration of 2.46-14.76 µM and IAA at concentration of 2.85-17.13 µM initiated flowering along with rooting. In vitro flowers set viable seeds. Rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to green house with 100% survivability. This finding has significant role in Pharmaceutical industries and in vitro flowering facilities in vitro pollination and fertilization, further it also facilities in advancing the generation at much faster speed under limited progeny size in the segregating generation of Vitex trifolia L

new host plants of few parasitic angiosperms in karnataka

Parasitic flowering plants are a small group of dicotyledons yet among them there exists a great wealth of structural diversity that continues to fascinate botanists. They cause severe damage to important fruit trees, timber yielding, economic and aesthetic value plants. A total of 106 species belonging to 32 families of dicotyledons are recognized as hosts parasitized by parasitic angiosperms. The range of hosts species recorded were vary from 3-42 per parasitic plants. The highest number of hosts were recorded for Dendrophthoefalcata is 42 species. The present paper enlists the binomials and families of host plants parasitized by particular species of parasitic plants

Isozyme Studies on some Selected Camellia Clones

Polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes were extracted and the isozyme banding pattern was studied in twelve south Indian tea clones of Camellia species conserved an ex situ gene bank. Banding pattern exhibited variations at inter specific and clonal level. A maximum of 6 isozymes were observed for polyphenol oxidase in UPASI 2 clone and a minimum of 3 in the clone BSS 1. Peroxidase isozyme exhibited two bands in all the clones with variation in its mobility (Rf). Isozyme profile of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidise in few clones have shown unique pattern not detected in others. The isozyme profile of PPO indicates that the clones of the respective Camellia species are more similar than those of the other species. In the present study, isozyme banding pattern was compared among the Camellia species to understand the existing inter and intra clonal relationship

Plant diversity in the homegardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India

Bhat S, Bhandary MJ, Rajanna L. 2014. Plant diversity in the homegardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 15: 229-235. A study was conducted in 50 selected home gardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India to document their floristic diversity and composition with regard to life forms and uses. As many as 210 species of flowering plants belonging to 69 families were recorded. Euphorbiaceae (13species), Apocynaceae (11spp.), Cucurbitaceae (10 spp.) and Fabaceae (10 spp.) are the predominant families. Shrubs are the dominant life forms (73 spp.) followed by trees (61 spp.), herbs (42 spp.) and climbers (24 spp.). Areca palm (Areca catechu), coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), mango tree (Mangifera indica), banana (Musa paradisiaca), shoe flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) are the most common plants occurring in all of the 50 studied gardens. 38% of the plant species are grown mainly for ornamental and aesthetic purposes while 33% of the species are used for obtaining food products like fruits and vegetables and 22% of the plants are mainly used for medicinal purposes. The predominance of ornamental species makes the home gardens of Karwar different from those occurring in other regions in which mostly food plants form the major component

Phytochemical Profile of Baliospermum Montanum (Wild.) Muell. Arg

The present study reveals the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of different parts such as root, stem, leaf, flower and latex of medicinally important plant Baliospermum montanum using seven different solvents. Qualitative study of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycosides, Steroids, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Saponins, Fatty acids, Tannins, Protein and Amino Acids, Gum and Mucilage, Terpenoids, anthroquinones and Phenols showed variable of results in different solvents. Quantitative estimation revealed that phytochemicals are in between the following range alkaloids (6.2 - 9.5%), flavonoids (35.63-43.33%), Saponins (9.9 to 13.2%), phenolics (38.43 to 43.44%), tannins (13.26 to 18.3%), terpenoids (25.36 to 33.4%)

A review on the genome-based approaches for the development of stress and climate resilient tea crops

Teais one of the most significant plantation crops to be emphasized towards research on development for climate-resilient variants that suits across different climate crisisimpacted countries including India. Recent tea genome research advancements eased our thoughts to begin, and apply that addresses biotic, abiotic stresses and productivity. Though the effect of climate change with unpredictable weather conditions on tea crop’s resistance is unclear, DNA based and genomics-assisted breeding techniques might play prominent role in facing future challenges of crop improving set-ups. Transgene based technological advancements and molecular breeding strategies have simplified the progress of elite tea genotypes with robust adaptation to climate change and the genomics-assisted breeding strategies in specific, found to play a substantial part in the advance of climate resilient tea crops. In this review, we briefed the signs of progress in tea genome-based research and their further perspectives needed to address the current challenges we face due to the climate crisis that resolve to breed for the water-stress-tolerant tea plant

GC-MS Profile of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Baliospermum montanum (Wild.) Muell. Arg.

Baliospermum montanum (Wild.) Muell. Arg.,is the member of euphorbiaceae. Ethanomedicine has evident the medicinal properties of different parts of this plant. Understanding the role of hytochemicals, current research is been focussed on separation of phytocons tituents by GC-MS technique using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry. The mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. The compounds identified by GC-MS in methanolic leaf extract may be medicinally valuable and possess various pharmaceutical applications. The identified phytocomponents needs further research on toxicological aspects to develop safe drug

Antimicrobial Activity of Isolated Flavonoid Fractions from Drypetes Roxburghii (Wall.) Huresawa and Its Phytochemical Finger printing.

The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive constituents of different parts like root, stem and leaf of medicinally important plant Dryptes roxburghii using seven different solvents. Qualitative study of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, fatty acids, tannins, protein and amino acids, gum and mucilage, terpenoids, anthroquinones and phenols showed different types of results in different solvents. Quantitative estimation revealed that phytochemicals are in between the following range alkaloids in between the range (9.5 to 9.6%), flavonoids (18.63 to 21.23%), saponins (11.36 to 5.13%), phenolics (28.36 to 31.1%), tannins (13.16 to 15.38%) and terpenoids (18.8 to 21.56%)

Assessment of Genetic Relationship and Hybrid Evaluation Studies in Tea (Camellia sp.) by RAPD.

The genetic relationships among 12 tea accessions representing three species in the genus Camellia were studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The genetic distance matrix based on Euclidian Distances showed a minimum genetic distance of 2.24 between ‘UPASI-2’ and ‘UPASI-3’ clones and the maximum was 4.47 between ‘TRF-1’ and ‘TRI-2025’. The dendrogram based on Ward’s method of cluster analysis clearly characterized all 12 tea varieties into three clusters based on their types namely China, Assam and Cambod. Pair-wise genetic similarity index between parent and hybrid clones generated showed a highest mean of 0.59 between ‘TRI-2025’ and ‘BSS-1’ and a lowest of 0.34 between ‘UPASI-10’ and ‘BSS-1’. This study revealed that all the varieties analysed fall the present taxonomic framework of Camellia species and that the hybrid is of Cambod type. RAPD markers can thus be successfully applied in this taxon for the study of relationships and to confirm hybrid origin. The study offers a sound platform for future tea bre eding programmes in tea as well as evolution of hybrids in the commercially important tea varieties

Genetic Fidelity in Micropropagated Plantlets of Pimpinella tirupatiensis-an Endemic and Threatened Medicinal Plant Using RAPD and ISSR Markers

Tissue cultured Pimpinella tirupatiensis plantlets were subjected to assessment of genetic stability considering the fact that associated in vitro stress might result in breakdown of control mechanism causing instability of the genome. We have used two DNA based molecular markers to assess the genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated Pimpinella tirupatiensis through shoot tip from in vitro raised seedlings. The shoot tips upon transfer to MS medium containing different concentrations and combinations of 6- benzyl aminopurine (BAP) kinetin (KN), 2- isopentyl adenine (2- ip), α- napthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole 3- acetic acid (IAA). The best morphogenic response was observed on MS medium fortified with BA (13.31 µM) and NAA (2.69 µM) which exhibited the highest regeneration frequency (90%), the maximum number of shoots/explants (6.50 ± 0.91) and shoot length (3.20 ± 0.20) within 5 weeks. Rooting was achieved within 15 days of shoot implantation on ½ strength MS media fortified with BAP (13.31 µM) and IBA (9.8 µM). The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized with 85% survival rate. Out of 20 RAPD and 3 ISSR primers screened, only 6 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and all three inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers produced clear reproducible and scorable bands. All banding profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to the mother plant indicating an absence of noticeable genetic variation in the regenerated plantlets. This study is of high significance as these could be commercially utilized for large scale production of true-to-type plantlets in Pimpinella tirupatiensis