MICROPROPAGATION OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM SPP.) : A REVIEW

Abstract Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most common and important commercial fruit crops cultivated in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In India major share of the fruits production is utilized for fresh consumption. Micro propagation is a rapid process to develop identical progeny from offspring. This is the growing of plants from meristematic tissue or somatic cells of superior plants on suitable nutrient media under controlled environmental conditions. In guava, micro propagation was achieved for the first time in 1987 by M. N. Amin and V.S. Jaiswal on Allahabad safeda. Since then significant progress has been made in the different areas of in vitro culture of guava since the first reports. In most cases, Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium (1962) was used as mineral medium for culturing Psidium species and cultivars for regeneration and/or proliferation, sub culturing and subsequent rooting. The lower concentration of major elements in WPM (Woody Plant Medium) was more suitable for micro propagation of some guava genotypes. Starting material for establishment of guava in vitro culture consists mostly of actively growing shoot tips or nodal segments as explants (1.0-3.0 cm size) collected during in spring are best suited for in vitro propagation of guava. Establishment of in vitro cultures of woody plants is greatly hampered by the browning of the explant and culture medium. In guava, several strategies have been employed to overcome the harmful effects of browning either through neutralization or through the avoidance of toxic substances in the medium.BAP (0.5 -2.0 mg/l) is the most frequently used cytokinin for guava micropropagation. The success of transplanting and survival of plants greatly depends on the quality of roots. Rooting Psidium spp. in vitro has proven to be difficult; however, several workers were successful in rooting. IBA is mostly used for inducing rooting followed by NAA, however use of dual auxins (IBA & NAA) resulted higher frequency of rooting. In guava, acclimatization has been accomplished in various substrates by progressively decreasing the relative humidity

Journey of niger from undulated lands to the plains.

Not AvailableNiger [Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.], popular among tribals, plays an important role inensuring nutritional security. It is known as ramtil (Hindi), karale or khurasani (Marathi), echelle (Kannada), payellu (Tamil), verri nuvvulu (Telugu), alashi (Oriya) in different partsof the country. It is grown mainly in tropical and subtropical countries like India, Ethiopia, East Africa, West Indies and Zimbabwe. It is important in terms of its oil quality (32–40%) proteinin the seed (18–24%). Niger is valued for its polyunsaturated fatty acid rich oil. In India, this crop is mainly grown by tribals on marginal, unproductive, undulated and wastelands without any production management under rainfed conditions mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and KarnatakaNot Availabl

Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass)

The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2020 and 2021 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 103 accessions including 03 checks  were assessed and observations were recorded for ten traits viz., days to flower initiation, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). REML analysis discovered significant differences among the 103 accessions for all the traits. It indicates a satisfactory amount of genetic variability among the accessions for yield and yield-attributing traits. Values of phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than the value of genotypic coefficients of variation in this study. High heritability was noted for all the traits under the experiment. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean recorded high for seed yield per plant followed by number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight whereas, trait days to 50% flowering, days to flower initiation and days to maturity exhibited low magnitude. These results indicate the dominance of the additive gene effect, which will aid in selection in an early segregating generation

Assessment of Exotic Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Accessions through Principal Component Analysis

The present research conducted over 96 exotic sesame accessions with five checks, to identify the minimum number of components, which could explain maximum variability out of the total variability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA); The investigation was performed under Project Co-ordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2018 using Augmented block design. Among the studied traits, Component 1 had the contribution from the traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil content and seed yield/plant, which accounted 30.71% to the total variability. Days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering had contributed 17.11% to the total variability in component 2. The remaining variabilities of 11.26%, 9.94%, 7.48% and 6.73% were consolidated in PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 respectievely by various traits like number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length, days to maturity, thousand seed weight and plant height . The cumulative variance of 83.23% of total variation among 12 characters was explained by the first six axes. On the basis of PC scores PC1, PC3 and PC5 accounting mainly to yield and quality traits containing accesions viz., EC-334998, ES-38, EC-346426, EC-334958, EC-340538, RT-351 and GT-10 might be further utilized in breeding programme

Study of Genetic Divergence Analysis in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Aim: To determine the extent of genetic divergence (D2 statistics) present in sesame genotypes for different traits. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in Augmented Block Design (ABD). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was laid out in kharif 2020 at BSP (Groundnut) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.). Methodology: Total 160 sesame genotypes and 5 checks viz., RT346, PBTil2, GT10, TMV-7 and VRI-1 were used for diversity analysis for twelve quantitative traits for selection of diverse parents. The 165 genotypes were grouped into eight clusters based on the Mahalanobis D2 values following Tocher’s methods. Results: Maximum inter cluster distance (63.235) was exhibited between cluster III and cluster VIII and intra cluster distance (28.509) was in cluster VII. The lowest inter cluster divergence (15.881) was noticed between cluster III and V indicating that the genotypes included in them were closely related. Relative contribution of different characters to total divergence was assessed through comparison of actual D2 values for individual characters over all possible combinations. Cluster III had highest mean value for plant height (126.609), days to flower initiation (34.308), days to 50% flowering (37.462), and oil content (44.715). Cluster VII reported to be days to maturity (91.750), number of primary branches per plant (3.833) and number of secondary branches per plant (2.625) and in cluster V had capsule length (2.651). cluster VI reported for number of capsules per plant (59.484) and seed yield per plant (9.168), number of seeds per capsule (58.533) and thousand seed weight (2.848). It was revealed that number of primary branches per plant (11.32%) followed by oil content (11.06%) and number of capsules per plant (11.05%) contributed maximum to total divergence and minimum contributed by days to flower initiation (3.49%). Conclusion: So, it is expected that crosses between genotypes of cluster III with genotypes of cluster VIII will give rise to high yielding sergeants as high inter cluster distance and those clusters has recorded good mean values can be preferred in selecting germplasm lines for respective traits

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Not AvailableIn order to have wide variability in niger breeding, augmentation and evaluation of 1800 niger accessions, including indigenous and exotic collections, was conducted in rabi season at five diff erent locations of India, viz., Hyderabad (Telangana) in kharif and rabi seasons, Ranchi (Jharkhand), Akola (Maharashtra), Delhi (New Delhi) and Chinthapally, Araku (Andhra Pradesh). In all the locations, accessions IC0268292, IC0268293, IC0268294, IC0268295, IC 412911, IC411511, and IC305117 were found to be early for 50% flowering (30-40 days) and days to maturity (58-75 days) compared to the standard checks (JNS-9 and JNS-28). Seed yield in kharif season varied between 1.87 g/plant to 2.96 g/plant and in rabi season, it was 1.31 g/plant to 1.83 g/plant in the early accessions. These accessions can be further utilized in crosses with long-duration Ethiopian lines (which are late-types coupled with high yield) to select early and high yielding lines in the transgressive segregants.Not Availabl

CFLD Oilseeds

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Not AvailableGuidelines for quality seed production of sesamNot Availabl