Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction: a Case Study at Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia Terengganu (FRDMT) Fire Fighters

Job satisfaction involves the emotions and their behavioural expression towards their job. It is known that a job is the activity which involves the satisfaction of emotion and expression. These emotions and behavioural expression is in relation to the pleasant or unpleasant feeling that they experienced towards their job fulfilment within an organization. These feelings are influenced by job-related factors. This had highly suggested that a job satisfaction level should be well accepted and satisfied by any employees to guarantee a minimal turnover for any organization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence job satisfaction among Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Terengganu (FRDMT) fire fighters. It involves fire fighters from different grade level. It is important to identify job satisfaction among them in order to acknowledge their expression towards job satisfaction and to accommodate their opportunities to voice their opinion anonymously. This study uses primary data of 234 Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Terengganu (FRDMT) fire fighters. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized for data collection, which is then analyzed using the descriptive and correlation analysis in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings showed that only working environment and co-workers significantly influence job satisfaction. Meanwhile, for the other three variables, namely promotion, reward and leadership style did not influence job satisfaction. Keywords: Job satisfaction, fire fighters, working environment, promotion, reward, leadership styl

Chemical Synthesis of Nano-Sized particles of Lead Oxide and their Characterization Studies

The quantum dots of semiconductor display novel and interesting phenomena that have not been in the bulk material. The color tunability is one of the most attractive characteristics in II-VI semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdS, ZnS, CdSe, ZnSe and PbO. In this work, the semiconductor lead oxide nanoparticles are prepared by chemical method. The average particle size, specific surface area, crystallinity index are estimated from XRD analysis. The structural, functional groups and optical characters are analyzed with using of SEM, FTIR and UV- Visible techniques. The optical band gap value has also been determined.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

OPTIMIZATION OF TWO FISH ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM ON FPGA

The demand for efficient and secure ciphers has given rise to a new generation of block ciphers capable of providing increased protection at lower cost. Among these new algorithms is Twofish. Twofish is a promising 128-bit block which was one of the 5 finalists in the National Institute of Standards and Technology organized competition as the Advanced Encryption Standard. The aim of the competition was to find a suitable candidate to replace DES at the core of many encryption systems worldwide. Twofish can work with variable key lengths: 128, 192 or 256 bits. In this report, only a version of 128-bit key length was discussed. Twofish has 6 main building blocks; Feistel Networks, whitening, S-boxes, MDS Matrices, Pseudo Hadamard Transforms and Key Schedule. Twofish is a 16 round Feistel network with a bijective F function, which corresponds to 8 cycles. The whitening technique employed substantially increases the difficulty of keysearch attacks against the remainder of the cipher. Twofish uses 4 different, bijective, key-dependent, 8-by-8 bit Sboxes. Twofish uses a single 4 by 4 MDS matrix over GF (28).This is one of the 2 main diffusion elements of Two fish. There is also Reed-Solomon code with the MDS property used in the key schedule; this doesn't add diffusion to the cipher but does add diffusion to the key schedule.) Besides that, Twofish also uses a 32 bit Pseudo Hadamard Transform to mix the outputs from its 2 parallel 32-bit g functions. Finally, Twofish needs a lot of key material, and has complicated key schedule. To facilitate analysis, the key schedule uses the same primitives as the round function. Except for 2 additional rotations, each pair of expanded key words is constructed by applying the Twofish round function (with key-dependent). For this project, 2 different optimized designs were implemented. The first design (Design I) was implemented with minimum hardware resources usage, using a single F -Function (modified) and was optimized with reasonable latency, throughput and throughput per gate. As for the second design (Design 2) was implemented with reasonably minimum hardware resources using 4 units of F-Function(modified) of Design I, minimum hardware resources usage, very small latency, very high throughput and very high throughput per gate. Furthermore, both Design I and Design 2 were implemented with zero keying and function as encryptor/decryptor. Both Design I and Design 2 were written using VHDL, simulated using ALDEC, synthesized using XILINX Synthesizing Tools, implemented using XILINX ISE6.2i implementation tools and download onto the Spartan 2 FPGA board using BEDLOAD utility program. As a conclusion this Final Year Project is quite successful because all the objectives have been met successfull

INVESTIGATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ZN DOPPED CDS THIN FILM DEPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION

For the present work we employ Chemical Bath deposition Technique. Initially the bathtubparameters like temperature, pH of the precursors, polarity of the solutions, deposition timewas optimized for synthesis of CDS thin films. Using above optimized parameters, weprepare CDS thin films for the study of effect of Zn concentration on various properties of thefilms. The structural, Morphological, and optical characterization were investigated. TheXRD spectra of the CDS films exhibit the hexagonal crystal structur