PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF COLD SHOCK PROTEINS IN PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES

Objective: The present study focuses on the determination of the relativity of the different types of cold shock proteins.Methods: Our study was to determine the relationship among the types of CSPs. Three different strains of pseudomonas genus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida were chosen and molecular profiling was performed. The sequences thus obtained were subjected to multiple sequence analysis in ClustalW database. The molecular evolution and phylogenetic study have been carried out using phylodraw.Results: The phylogenetic analysis has clearly revealed the evolutionary pattern of cold shock proteins in pseudomonas species and the current stress of mutation among the strains.Conclusion: Phylogenetic analysis of cold shock proteins has clearly shown that important conserved sequences can be very useful to study the phylogeny of bacteria

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Self-Super-Resolution of an MRI Image with Assistance of the DSTTD System

Motivation. In the modern world of information technology, the need for ensuring the safety of wireless transmissions while transiting through a given network is growing rapidly. The process of transmitting images via a wireless network is fraught with difficulty. There is a possibility that data may be corrupted while being transmitted, which would result in an image with low resolution. Both of these issues were investigated head-on in this research methodology using the aiding double space-time block coding (DSTTD) system and the self-super-resolution (SSR) method. Description. In recent times, medical image transmission over a wireless network has received a significant amount of attention, as a result of the sharing of medical images between patients and doctors. They would want to make sure that the image was sent in a risk-free and protected manner. Arnold cat map, often known as ACM, is a well-known and widely implemented method of image transmission encryption that has been in use for quite some time. At the receiver end, SSR is now being employed in order to view the transmitted medical image in the finest possible resolution. It is anticipated that in the near future, image transmission through wireless DSTTD will be technically feasible. This is performed in order to maximize the benefits that the system has to offer in terms of both spatial diversity and multiplexing as much as is possible. Conclusion. The SSR approach is used in order to represent the image in a document pertaining to human resources. ACM is used so that the image may be sent in a risk-free and protected way. The adoption of a DSTTD-based architecture for wireless communication is suggested. A comparison of the results is provided, and PSNR and SSIM values are detailed towards the results and discussion of the article

Fungal chitinase production and its application in biowaste management

393-399Chitinases find wide applications in pest control, pollution abatement and in management of marine wastes. A marine soil isolate <span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT">Aspergillus terreus, having chitinase activity was cultivated on sucrose-peptone-yeast extract medium. Colloidal chitin replaced sucrose in the production medium. The cultivation conditions were optimized using single parameter approach and Placket-Burman statistical design. The enzyme activity was estimated using di-nitrosalicylic acid method. Chitinolytic activity was 52 U/ml in shake flask experiments and 29.2 U/ml on a 3 L laboratory fermenter. The enzyme extracted with cold acetone showed a prominent band having a molecular weight of 52.8 kDa on SDS PAGE. The organism utilized chitin present in mushroom (<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT">Agaricus bisporus) when used as a sole source of carbon with the enzyme activity being 82.38 U/ml. The enzyme was stable at wide temperature range 30- 70 °C maximum activity seen at 50 °C. The study has a considerable significance and impact in bioremediation of biological waste

Hepatoprotective properties of <i>Caesalpinia sappan </i>Linn. heartwood on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity

905-910Aim of the study was to investigate the methanol and aqueous extracts of heartwood of C. sappan for its hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and animals. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to CCl4 (1%) along with/without various concentrations of methanolic and aqueous extract of C. sappan (1000-800 µg/ml) and the levels of selected liver enzymes were estimated. Antihepatotoxic effect of methanolic extract was observed in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes at concentrations 1000-800 µg/ml and was found to be similar to that of standard drug silymarin. Wistar strain albino rat model was used for the investigation of in vivo hepatoprotective properties of aqueous and methanolic extract of C. sappan (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). Liver damage was induced by ip administration of CCl4 (30%) suspended in olive oil (1 ml/kg body weight). Both the tested extracts showed potent hepatoprotective activity at 200 mg/kg body weight test dose which was comparable with that of the standard silymarin used in similar test dose. The methanolic and aqueous extract was able to restore the biochemical levels to normal which were altered due to CCl4 intoxication in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and also in animals

Optimization and in-vivo evaluation of isradipine nanoparticles using Box-Behnken design surface response methodology

The isradipine is the potent anti hypertensive drug, which is matrix in polymeric nanoparticle by using solvent evaporation method. In this work, 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the process parameters like polymer concentration (A), sonication frequency (B) and sonication time (C). Three dependent variable’s particle size, entrapment efficiency and practical yield were measured as responses. Mathematical equations and response surface plots were used to relate the dependent and independent variables. The optimization model of particle size of 343.14 nm, entrapment efficiency of about 83.74% and practical yield of 85.39% with A, B and C levels of 750 mg, 37.5 min and 40 kHz respectively. The observed responses were in close agreement with the predicted values of the optimized process. The prepared nanoparticle was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, morphological studies and in-vitro drug release studies. The prepared nanoparticle was showed good sustained release of drug upto 24 h. The anti-hypertensive study was performed on animal model. The PMMA (Poly-Methyl-Metha- Acrylate) isradipine nano particle shows fall in blood pressure was delayed and reach 152±2 mmHg at 1 h. The action was sustained until prolong period. Based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics parameter, the isradipine nanoparticles shows better bioavailability compare with solution form

In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the total alkaloid fraction of Hygrophila auriculata leaves

Objective: To investigate the total alkaloid fraction of the methanol extract of leaves of Hygrophila auriculata for its hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and animal models. Materials and Methods: Mature leaves of H. auriculata were collected, authenticated, and subjected to methanolic extraction followed by isolation of total alkaloid fraction. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to CCl4 (1%) along with/without various concentrations of the total alkaloid fraction (80-40 μg/ml). Protection of human liver-derived HepG2 cells against CCl4-induced damage was determined by the MTT assay. Twenty-four healthy Wistar albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were used for the in vivo investigations. Liver damage was induced by administration of 30% CCl4 suspended in olive oil (1 ml/kg body weight, i.p). Results: The antihepatotoxic effect of the total alkaloid fraction was observed in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes at very low concentrations (80-40 μg/ml). A dose-dependent increase in the percentage viability was observed when CCl4-exposed HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of the total alkaloid fraction. Its in vivo hepatoprotective effect at 80 mg/kg body weight was comparable with that of the standard Silymarin at 250 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The total alkaloid fraction was able to normalize the biochemical levels which were altered due to CCl4 intoxication