Random (Un)rounding : Vulnerabilities in Discrete Attribute Disclosure in the 2021 Canadian Census

The 2021 Canadian census is notable for using a unique form of privacy, random rounding, which independently and probabilistically rounds discrete numerical attribute values. In this work, we explore how hierarchical summative correlation between discrete variables allows for both probabilistic and exact solutions to attribute values in the 2021 Canadian Census disclosure. We demonstrate that, in some cases, it is possible to "unround" and extract the original private values before rounding, both in the presence and absence of provided population invariants. Using these methods, we expose the exact value of 624 previously private attributes in the 2021 Canadian census disclosure. We also infer the potential values of more than 1000 private attributes with a high probability of correctness. Finally, we propose how a simple solution based on unbounded discrete noise can effectively negate exact unrounding while maintaining high utility in the final product.Comment: Small formatting revisio

Exploring the link between suicidal ideation and digital environments: The hidden impact of marketing content

This paper explores the complex relationship between suicidal ideation and digital environments, with a particular focus on the hidden impact of marketing content. It aims to investigate how targeted advertising and algorithm-driven content can exacerbate mental health vulnerabilities among youth, potentially increasing suicide risk. Emphasizing the need to understand these digital influences, this study highlights the critical role of responsible marketing practices and platform accountability in safeguarding young users. Ultimately, it calls for further research to develop effective interventions within the evolving digital landscape

Kitchen Food Waste Image Segmentation and Classification for Compost Nutrients Estimation

The escalating global concern over extensive food wastage necessitates innovative solutions to foster a net-zero lifestyle and reduce emissions. The LILA home composter presents a convenient means of recycling kitchen scraps and daily food waste into nutrient-rich, high-quality compost. To capture the nutritional information of the produced compost, we have created and annotated a large high-resolution image dataset of kitchen food waste with segmentation masks of 19 nutrition-rich categories. Leveraging this dataset, we benchmarked four state-of-the-art semantic segmentation models on food waste segmentation, contributing to the assessment of compost quality of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, or Potassium. The experiments demonstrate promising results of using segmentation models to discern food waste produced in our daily lives. Based on the experiments, SegFormer, utilizing MIT-B5 backbone, yields the best performance with a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 67.09. Class-based results are also provided to facilitate further analysis of different food waste classes

Green Human Resource Management Practices on the Sustainable Performance of India's Sports Sector

Introduction: As sustainability becomes a major global concern, the sports sector also plays a significant role in environmental degradation. This makes it a crucial area of focus for research aimed at achieving sustainability goals. Objective: This study examines the influence of green human resource management practices—specifically green hiring, green training, performance management, and employee involvement—on the sustainable performance of enterprises in India’s sports service sector. Methodology: A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure representation across various sports service industries. A total of 500 respondents from the Delhi National Capital Region were surveyed. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The theoretical framework was based on the ability, motivation, and opportunity model. Results: The results showed that green hiring, green training, and performance management practices had a statistically significant and positive influence on sustainable performance. However, employee involvement did not demonstrate a significant relationship with sustainable outcomes. Discussion: The variation in the use of green human resource management practices among organizations suggests the need for more focused and customized strategies to improve environmental performance

A biomechanical study of neck strength and impact dynamics on head and neck injury parameters

IntroductionHead and neck injuries, including traumatic brain injuries (TBI), are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. It affects millions of people worldwide, from automobiles to sports to military personnel. This study investigates the influence of impact locations, severities, and neck strength on head and neck injury parameters using a musculoskeletal head-neck model in OpenSim software.MethodsWe hypothesize that eccentric impacts, particularly those on the anterolateral side, increase GAMBIT and Neck Injury Criteria (NIC) due to elevated rotational accelerations, and that higher neck strength mitigates GAMBIT and NIC under these impacts. To test our hypotheses, we investigated a total of 63 cases in which seven impact locations (two from the anterior side, two from the posterior side, and three from lateral sides), three neck strengths (low, mid, high strength capacity), and three impact severities (low, moderate, and high) were explored. Seven output parameters were analyzed: linear and rotational accelerations, the Generalized Acceleration Model for Brain Injury Threshold (GAMBIT), neck force, neck moment, and Neck Injury Criteria (NIC) and neck muscle strain.ResultsResults reveal that anterolateral eccentric impacts pose the greatest risk, with rotational acceleration reaching 4,176 that is 4.75 times higher than anterior central impacts (879 rad/s2). GAMBIT values for moderate and high severity impacts are 1.44 and 1.54 times greater than low severity impacts, respectively. Head and neck injury parameters vary minimally (10) with neck strength.DiscussionIn summary, the severities and location of impacts had a significant role in GAMBIT and NIC, and the anterolateral eccentric impact had a higher probability of head and neck injury than the other six impact locations. These findings underscore the critical role of impact location and severity in injury risk and suggest helmet padding in lateral and anterolateral zones with energy-absorbing materials to reduce rotational acceleration