Knowledge about glaucoma among patients attending the outpatient department of the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. It is a noncommunicable chronic eye disease which needs lifelong care and treatment. Optic nerve damage is progressive and the disease mostly remains asymptomatic which makes it a public health challenge. Raising public awareness and knowledge about glaucoma is a key factor in early detection and management. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge about glaucoma among patients attending the eye outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients who attended the eye OPD of department of ophthalmology, Government Medical College (GMC), Jammu from December 2021 to May 2022. The study subjects were given a questionnaire and they had to respond to questions by choosing one of the three options.Results: In our study the mean age of patients was 50.65 years with majority of patients (50%) falling in the age group of 30 to 50 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Only 23% of the study subjects were knowledgeable about the fact that glaucoma was the most important cause of irreversible blindness. 83% of the respondents correctly identified people over 40 years of age at risk for developing glaucoma. Only 25% of the respondents identified pressure related damage to optic nerve as a feature of glaucoma. Majority of patients were unaware about asymptomatic nature of glaucoma. 93% of the study subjects considered glaucoma treatable. Only 23% had knowledge that irreversible loss of vision was the end result of glaucoma.Conclusions: This study showed that knowledge about glaucoma was limited in our part of the country. There is a need to increase awareness about the disease so that we can reduce the burden of glaucoma related blindness

The study of demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the eye OPD of GMC Jammu, India

Background: Age related cataract also called as senile cataract is the commonest type of acquired cataract affecting people over the age of 50 years. In developing countries like India, many times patients with cataract report to the hospitals very late, when it has become mature. Keeping this in mind this study was undertaken to study the demographic profile of patients of senile mature cataract attending the OPD of GMC Jammu and to see if there is correlation between demographic factors and time of seeking medical attention.Methods: This study was conducted on 41 patients of senile mature cataract who attended OPD of GMC Jammu from August 2019 to November 2019. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and ocular examination. Socio-economic status and education level of all patients was assessed. All patients were admitted and underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation.Results: In study the mean age of patients was 62.46 years with 58.53% patients being females. Majority of patients were from rural background with low socio-economic status and low education levels.Conclusions: From this study we concluded that female sex, low socio-economic status, comorbidities and lower literacy levels are associated with patients seeking medical attention for cataract at an advanced stage

Correlation of myopia with age, axial length and anterior chamber depth

Background: Uncorrected myopia or near sightedness is a major cause of vision impairment and legal blindness in younger population. It has huge social, psychological, economic and developmental implications. Changes in anterior chamber depth and a significant increase in axial length increase the risk of myopia which can lead to a number of visual complications. Method: This hospital based observational study was conducted in the OPD of department of ophthalmology, government medical college, Jammu over a period of one month from November 2022 to December 2022. A total of 100 patients were involved in this study. Data was interpreted in both descriptive and inferential statistics i.e., frequency and percentage distribution by using SPSS, version 22. Results: It was observed that maximum patients were in the age group of 21-30 years (46%) and male:female ratio was 1.38:1. A positive correlation was found between myopia with axial length and anterior chamber depth (p<0.05). Conclusions: Understanding the role of ocular biometric parameters in myopia is important in not only interpreting the disease pattern but also modelling the pathology and management of ocular diseases. It will go a long way in reducing the burden of myopia and its associated complications

Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic retinopathy amongst diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by elevated blood sugar level. It is a major cause of blindness in our country, which is preventable and treatable, if healthy practice and knowledge regarding this disease is applied. The study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Diabetic Retinopathy, amongst diabetic patients attending eye OPD in GMC Jammu.Methods: 300 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus attending eye OPD, over a period of 10 months, in GMC Jammu, were incorporated in this study. Self administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge, practice and attitude of diabetic retinopathy amongst the diabetic patient, after their due consent.Results: This study incorporated 300 diabetic patients out of which 168 (56%) were males and 132 (44%) were females. Most of the patients (70%) were aware of the fact that diabetes can cause eye disorders. 67.33% believed that they should go for regular eye check-ups. 79.33% agreed that timely intervention can delay the complications in diabetic eye disease.Conclusions: Diabetes can lead to serious ocular complications which can be prevented by appropriate awareness and optimistic attitude and good approach towards the disease

Clinical profile and histo-pathological profile of peri-ocular lesions

Background: Eyelid carcinoma is the most common malignant lesion of eyelid region, and may involve either skin or tarus or inner layer of eyelid. The most common primary eyelid malignancy is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), malignant melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. The prevalence of these malignant lesion vary according to the geographical region. The aim of the study was to correlate the diagnosis of various peri-ocular lesions with the histological diagnosis.Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted over a period of two years in patients with ocular and periocular skin lesions. All the patients underwent incision biopsy of the lesion biopsy material was sent for histopathology examination. The histological profile of the tumour was confirmed by the report.Results: The mean age in our study was 32.7±18.4 years with age range of 18 to 78 years, with 108 females (54%) and 92 males (46%). 173 (86.5%) were benign lesions and 27 (13.5%) were malignant lesions. Right eye was involved in more cases (n=104, 52%) as compared to left eye (n=96, 48%). Upper eye lid was involved more (n=102, 51%) than lower eye lid (n=98, 49%). Epidermal cyst was most common lesion (n=43, 21.5%), followed by dermoid cyst (n=28, 14%). Sebaceous gland carcinoma was most (n=15, 7.5%) malignant lesion, followed by basal cell carcinoma (n=7, 3, 5%).Conclusions: All excised eyelid lesions must be submitted for histopathologic confirmation to achieve 100% accuracy in diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis remains essential for adequate functional and cosmetic lid reconstruction

The relationship between the axial length of the eye ball and the retinal vein occlusion

Background: Retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common form of retinal vascular diseases. There’s a need for better understanding of various predisposing factors and pathophysiology of retinal vascular occlusions in order to improve the treatment modalities and have a better visual outcome including the relationship between axial length and retinal vascular occlusions. Methods: The study was conducted on 60 patients attending the eye OPDs of upgraded department of ophthalmology of government medical college, Jammu during a period of six months from April 2022 to September 2022. 30 patients were clinically diagnosed cases of retinal vein occlusion whereas 30 patients were their age and sex matched controls. The axial length of both eyes of all the patients were measured using A scan Biometry. The data was then analysed by student t test and chi square test. Results: It was found that the axial length of the affected eye was significantly shorter than the unaffected eye and the axial length of the unaffected eye was also significantly shorter than the control eye. Conclusions: It was concluded that the axial lengths in the patients having retinal vein occlusion were significantly shorter than the controls. The significant difference in the axial lengths can be a risk factor in the development of retinal vein occlusion

Erratum: The Cancer Genome Atlas Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Renal Cell Carcinoma (Cell Reports (2018) 23(1) (313–326.e5) (S2211124718304364) (10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.075))

(Cell Reports 23, 313–326; April 3, 2018) In the originally published version of this article, the author list contained two errors. Specifically, David J. Kwiatkowski was misspelled as David J. Kwaitkowski, and William Y. Kim was inadvertently written as William T. Kim. Both names have been corrected online. The authors regret this error