Avaliação do potencial da polpa cítrica em provocar acidose láctica ruminal aguda em bovinos

With the aim to evaluate the risk of citrus pulp to induce acute rumen lactic acidosis (ARLA), 15 rumen cannulated cattle didn't adapted to concentrates were randomly allocated in 3 groups: G1- CONTROL - group fed only the basal diet; G2 - SUCROSE animals with ARLA induced by rumen administration of sucrose; G3 CITRUS PULP animals received citrus pulp into rumen (1.65% of BW). Blood and rumen samples were drawn throughout the next 24 h to determine pH, lactic acid concentration and the packet cell volume, blood base excess. Clinical signs were also recorded and food intake followed by the next 7 days. Sucrose caused a systemic and ruminal acidosis and characteristic ARLA signs such as, apathy, dehydration, diarrhea and tachycardia, while citrus pulp gave rise to mild and brief rumen acidosis, reaching the lowest pH (5.35) at the 6th h, without any changing in the blood pH and any typical clinical sign, but temporary reduction in the rumination and excretion of semi liquid feces. Appetite was fully recovered after two and seven days in the pulp and sucrose group, respectively. These results showed that citrus pulp may be used as a feedstuff for cattle with low risk to cause ARLA.Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da polpa cítrica (PC) em provocar acidose láctica ruminal aguda (ALRA), 15 bovinos com peso médio de 160 kg providos de cânula ruminal não-adaptados à dieta contendo concentrado foram alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos: CONTROLE animais receberam apenas a dieta basal; SACAROSE animais receberam sacarose diretamente no rumem a fim de provocar ALRA; POLPA - grupo que recebeu subitamente alta quantidade de PC no rúmen (equivalente a 1,65% do peso corporal). Em vários tempos no decorrer de 24 horas, após administração dos substratos, foram determinados o volume globular, pH, excesso de bases (BE) e lactato total no sangue e pH e concentração de ácido láctico total no conteúdo ruminal. Exame clínico foi realizado no decorrer do 1º dia e o consumo de alimento acompanhado nos próximos sete dias. A administração de sacarose provocou um característico quadro de ALRA com o desenvolvimento de acidose ruminal e sistêmica, apatia, desidratação, diarréia e taquicardia. Por outro lado, a polpa cítrica produziu discreta e temporária acidose ruminal, atingindo na 6ª hora o pH ruminal mais baixo (5,35), sem provocar acidose sistêmica e quadro clínico mais evidente de ALRA, com exceção de uma diminuição temporária na ruminação e eliminação de fezes semilíquidas. A regularização do apetite ocorreu após dois dias no grupo com PC e sete dias no grupo com sacarose. Tais resultados indicam que a polpa cítrica pode ser utilizada na alimentação de bovinos com baixo risco de provocar ALRA

Comparison of Rumen Fluid pH by Continuous Telemetry System and Bench pH Meter in Sheep with Different Ranges of Ruminal pH

We aimed to compare the measurements of sheep ruminal pH using a continuous telemetry system or a bench pH meter using sheep with different degrees of ruminal pH. Ruminal lactic acidosis was induced in nine adult crossbred Santa Ines sheep by the administration of 15 g of sucrose per kg/BW. Samples of rumen fluid were collected at the baseline, before the induction of acidosis (T0) and at six, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the induction for pH measurement using a bench pH meter. During this 72-hour period, all animals had electrodes for the continuous measurement of pH. The results were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis of agreement, Pearson coefficients of correlation and determination, and paired analysis of variance with Student’s t-test. The measurement methods presented a strong correlation (r=0.94, P<0.05) but the rumen pH that was measured continuously using a telemetry system resulted in lower values than the bench pH meter (overall mean of 5.38 and 5.48, resp., P=0.0001). The telemetry system was able to detect smaller changes in rumen fluid pH and was more accurate in diagnosing both subacute ruminal lactic acidosis and acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep

Clinical presentation and biochemical profile of horses during induction and treatment of hypocalcemia

The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation, biochemical profile and response to treatment among horses with experimentally-induced hypocalcemia. Twelve adult, mixed breed mares were used. A 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (Na2EDTA) solution was infused into all the mares until the animals presented clinical signs of hypocalcemia, at which point they were divided into a control group (n = 5) and a treatment group (n = 7). The treated group received an infusion of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and glucose at a dosage of 1 mL/kg/BW during 30 minutes. The control group received 0.9% saline solution at the same dosage. Clinical examination and blood sample collection were performed at the times T0 (baseline- thirty minutes before beginning the Na2EDTA), T1 (at the end of the Na2EDTA infusion), T2 (at the end of the treatment) and T3 (24 hours after the end of the experiment). Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased in response to Na2EDTA administration. The clinical signs of hypocalcemia in the mares included tachycardia, tachypnea, hypophonesis and cecal atony. These signs disappeared over the course of treatment, while total calcium and magnesium increased. Treatment produced recovery from clinical hypocalcemia within 30 minutes and promoted return of the main biochemical parameters to baseline values

Aspectos hematológicos de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Canindé criados no Rio Grande do Norte Hematological aspects of Canindé goats (Capra hircus) raised in Rio Grande do Norte

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o perfil hematológico de caprinos (Capra hircus) da raça Canindé, criados no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, como também a busca de valores de referência que se adequem à nossa região. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 58 animais clinicamente sadios, distribuídos em 4 grupos (machos acima de 5 meses, fêmeas gestantes, fêmeas não gestantes e filhotes até 4 meses de idade). A partir de única amostra de sangue de cada animal foram realizados o eritrograma (contagem de hemácias, hematócrito, hemoglobina, volume corpuscular médio e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média) e o leucograma (contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos). Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio do teste de Tukey para variáveis paramétricas e Kruskal-Wallis seguido pelo teste de Dunn para não paramétricos em nível de significância de (pThe objective of this paper was to study the hematological profile of Canindé breed goats (Capra hircus) raised in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as the acquirement of reference values appropriate to our region. Blood samples were collected from 58 clinically healthy animals, distributed in 4 groups (males, over 5-month-old, pregnant and not pregnant females and young goats, up to 4 months of age). From a single blood sample from each animal, it was possible to perform the red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and the white blood cell (WBC) count and differential). The obtained data was statically evaluated by the Tukey test for parametric variables and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test for nonparametric-level significance (p<0.05). The results of this study can be used as a reference for this breed of goats, making future interpretations possible from the evaluated parameters, and can support further studies in healthy or diseased animals. It shows the need for further research that demonstrates the semiarid conditions of handling and feeding, as well as assessment of variation factors on the constituents of blood taking into account sex, age and the physiological state of animals

Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood

ABSTRACT: Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure of great importance for veterinary medicine, in spite of only few studies in the literature on hemotherapy in goats. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats submitted to homologous transfusion of fresh whole blood or stored for 15 and 35 days. Eighteen adult male goats were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 30% of the blood volume, and we transfused 20mL/kg of whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags according to the experimental group, being: G0 composed goats who received fresh blood, G15 and G35 goats that received blood stored for 15 and 35 days, respectively. For the biochemical evaluation, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, blood samples were collected at the following moments: before the induction of anemia (TC0); 6 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion (TC1); 1, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours after transfusion (T1, T6, T12, T24 and T96 respectively); 8, 16 and 32 days after transfusion (T8d, T16d and T32d respectively). Before transfusion, blood samples were also withdrawn from the bags for the same analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed in the statistical program GRAPHPAD PRISM 5.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. The bags of blood stored for 15 and 35 days showed more biochemical changes, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than fresh blood bags. As for the biochemical analysis, after the transfusion was observed an increase of the total protein, albumin, glucose and creatine kinase in the 3 groups, and elevation of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea in G15 and G35. The changes observed in the blood gas analysis had no clinical significance, as they were within the reference values for the species. The goats that received stored blood showed disorder in their antioxidant system through alteration of the SOD activity. In the analysis of lipid peroxidation no difference between the groups for the concentration of malondialdehyde was found. Thus, it can be concluded that transfusion of whole fresh stored blood in goats did not compromise the blood gases, lipid peroxidation and liver and renal functions of the transfused animals. In addition, the method was proved to be efficient to restore, among other components, the total protein and albumin. The transfusion, as performed in this study, proved to be safe for used in the clinical practice of goats