Highly Sensitive Cadmium Concentration Sensor Using Long Period Grating

In this paper we have proposed a simple and effective Long Period Grating chemical sensor for detecting the traces of Cadmium (Cd++) in drinking water at ppm level. Long Period gratings (LPG) were fabricated by point-by-point technique with CO2 laser. We have characterized the LPG concentration sensor sensitivity for different solutions of Cd concentrations varying from 0.01 ppm to 0.04 ppm by injecting white Light source and observed transmitted spectra using Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA). Proper reagents have been used in the solutions for detection of the Cd species. The overall shift in wavelength is 10 nm when surrounding medium gradually changed from water to 0.04 ppm of cadmium concentrations. A comparative study has been done using sophisticated spectroscopic atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instruments. The spectral sensitivity enhancement was done by modifying grating surface with gold nanoparticles

Study of pulse dispersion and spot-sizes in single and multimode nearly graded optical fibers

314-318<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Effect of small departures in the graded index profiles of optical fibers on the pulse-widths, field distributions and spotsizes of LP01 mode has been examined. Expressions for σ-intermodal and - intramodal pulse-widths are obtained for multimode graded fibers having all at continuation in their index profiles. The field distribution of LP01 mode in single mode nearly parabolic fiber is determined by solving the wave equation and near field rms and Petermann – 2 spot-sizes are obtained. The calculated σ -values are found to consistently increase both with the increase in distortion in a given α-profile <span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and profile dispersion in index profiles with <span style="font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" hiddenhorzocr"="">α≥<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3. For a given <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">v-number, the distortion effect leads to a decrease-in either spot-size: also the rms spot- size is larger in magnitude than Petermann- 2 spot-size for a given distortion. </span

Identification of Geological and Geomorphological Landforms in Thanjavur District Using Remote Sensing &amp; GIS

Abstract — In this Paper Abstract has been researched to study of Identification of Geological &amp; Geomorphological landforms in Thanjavur District using Remote Sensing &amp; GIS Techniques. The Cauvery Delta is located in Thanjavur District. It is one of the important rice bowl of Tamilnadu. The total area of Thanjavur District is about 3396.57 Sq.km. The eastern part of Thanjavur is connected with Bay of Bengal. This study is carried out by using IRSP6 LISS IV Satellite image and Toposheet 1:50000 Scale. From this, the thematic maps (Geomorphology, Geology, and Drainage) are created. The Geomorphological features like Flood Plain, Alluvial plain, Deltaic plain and Eolian plain were studied.Similarly the Geological features like Fluvio marine, alluvial-fluvial, sripermuputhur / Sivaganga formation, Nasal formations were analysed.In the same way, the drainage pattern of Thanjavur district is found and the pattern was Dichotomic Using ARC GIS. Keywords- IRS P6 LISS IV, ARC GI

Serum prolactin levels in women before and after the use of copper IUD

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