Modelling of road traffic fatalities in India.

Passenger modes in India include walking, cycling, buses, trains, intermediate public transport modes (IPT) such as three-wheeled auto rickshaws or tuk-tuks, motorised two-wheelers (2W) as well as cars. However, epidemiological studies of traffic crashes in India have been limited in their approach to account for the exposure of these road users. In 2011, for the first time, census in India reported travel distance and mode of travel for workers. A Poisson-lognormal mixture regression model is developed at the state level to explore the relationship of road deaths of all the road users with commute travel distance by different on-road modes. The model controlled for diesel consumption (proxy for freight traffic), length of national highways, proportion of population in urban areas, and built-up population density. The results show that walking, cycling and, interestingly, IPT are associated with lower risk of road deaths, while 2W, car and bus are associated with higher risk. Promotion of IPT has twofold benefits of increasing safety as well as providing a sustainable mode of transport. The mode shift scenarios show that, for similar mode shift across the states, the resulting trends in road deaths are highly dependent on the baseline mode shares. The most worrying trend is the steep growth of death burden resulting from mode shift of walking and cycling to 2W. While the paper illustrates a limited set of mode shift scenarios involving two modes at a time, the model can be applied to assess safety impacts resulting from a more complex set of scenarios

Regulation of Joint Ventures under Article 81 of EU Treaty

The paper discusses Article 81 of EU treaty, which focuses on the analysis of the competitive behavior of a joint venture participant in co-operative non-full-function joint venture with focus on telecommunications sector. The Article 81 analyses the joint ventures that fail to satisfy the threshold of the European Commission’s Merger Regulation (ECMR) due to the factors that either they are not fully-functional in nature or lack a community dimension

The impact of project team characteristics on employee performance and well-being in the IT sector: the mediating role of collaborative job crafting

Due to the increase in global competition and change in information technology, project teams are used to deal with organisational demands. However, challenges arising from specific team characteristics concerning poor technical self-efficacy, weak team identity and high avoidant attachment may pose a significant impact on an employee’s performance and work-related well-being. The present study aims to examine specific project team characteristics that may facilitate or act as a barrier to outcomes such as individual team members’ in-role or extra-role job performance and levels of work engagement. Furthermore, the role of collaborative job crafting is explored in explaining the relationship between the characteristics of a project team and outcomes from the lens of conservation of resources theory. Through an online survey, the data were collected at three time points with a 12-week interval between each time point and employed difference scores to measure the change in the outcome variables. A total of 125 project teams and 803 participants including project leaders from five multinational IT organisations had participated in the study and the data were analysed using multilevel structural equation modelling. The original contribution of the thesis signifies that higher team-level information system self-efficacy leads to a decrease in in-role performance over time. However, based on conservation of resources theory, a team with collective higher information system self-efficacy that engages in collaborative job crafting behaviour, acquire key team resources, leading to a gain spiral that facilitates in an improvement of in-role and/or extra-role performance and work engagement of project team members over time. Contrary to the expected results, a stronger aggregated functional background social identity of a team depletes the resources of employees when engaging in collaborative job crafting activity, resulting in loss spirals. These findings give impetus to future multilevel and longitudinal investigations of the role of self-efficacy, social identity and team-level job crafting behaviours in project teams. Keywords: self-efficacy, social identity, collaborative job crafting, conservation of resources theory, multilevel modellin