Factors That Determine the Successful Management of Ectopic Pregnancy Through Methotrexate Injections

Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs when the gestational sac is located outside the uterus. Methotrexate administered intramuscularly (IM) is the standard management in the therapy of ectopic pregnancies. The success of managing ectopic pregnancies using methotrexate is influenced by various factors. This literature review aims to provide related information because a sufficient understanding of the factors that affect the success of methotrexate use in ectopic pregnancies is crucial to prevent complications, reduce morbidity and mortality rates resulting from ectopic pregnancies. In this literature review we conducted a search on the National   Center   for   Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Google Scholar database using the search keyword factors, methotrexate, and ectopic pregnancy. The success of treating ectopic pregnancies using methotrexate is influenced by various factors, such as the initial β-hCG levels, the size of the ectopic mass, peritoneal fluid, maternal age, gestational age, previous spontaneous miscarriage, gravida, parity, abortion, and the percentage of a history of previous ectopic pregnancies. However, most studies have found that the primary factor influencing success is the initial β-hCG levels

Trigger Finger Hand, Pathophisiology and Management

Trigger finger hand is a stenosing tenosynovitis that occurs in the flexor sheaths of the finger and thumb due to repetitive use. Narrowing of the flexor sheath combined with hypertrophy and inflammation between tendons and sheaths causes trigger finger stenosing tenosynovitis leading to tendon restriction. The purpose of this literature review to provide an update regarding the pathophysiology and management of trigger finger. This literature study using search engines including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, NCBI, and Google Schoolar. In total, 10 sources were used which were obtained from various existing databases. In the treatment of trigger finger, there are non-surgical treatments such as conservative management and conventional management, and surgical management, namely Open release pulley A-1 which is the first line of treatment before medical rehabilitation, medical rehabilitation

Precocious Puberty: Etiology and Current Treatment

Precocious puberty also known as premature puberty is an abnormal pubertal development that can affect a child's growth and development. The clinical manifestations of precocious puberty are generally diverse and based on etiology are classified into central precocious puberty (GnRH dependent) and peripheral precocious puberty (GnRH independent). The main concern with precocious puberty is that precocious puberty can be a clinical symptom of an underlying serious disease such as a brain tumor, adrenal or gonadal tumor and others. Early identification of etiology plays an important role in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. This literature review aims to determine the etiology and current management of precocious puberty. This literature review uses the keywords "Precocious Puberty AND etiology AND treatment" through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Google Scholar databases. This article uses 11 articles that were used as references in its preparation. In conclusion, it is necessary to know the etiology of precocious puberty using imaging examinations for optimal management and excluding malignant abnormalities. The current treatment for central precocious puberty is GnRH agonists (gold-standard) and surgery in cases of intracranial lesions and peripheral precocious puberty using a combination of androgen antagonists (spironolactone) and aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, testolactone) and surgery is indicated for gonadal and adrenal tumors. The role of parents is very important in early detection of precocious puberty, because the earlier the therapy, the better the prognosis

Anxiety of Final Semester Students: Mini Review

Students often experience events that may cause anxiety in the final stages of their lectures, especially at the stage of writing a thesis. Our literature review research aims to find out about anxiety in students and its prevention efforts. Approximately 80% of students who experience anxiety during thesis exams are recorded. Our literature research finds that prevention efforts are needed, including increasing individual student awareness to reduce negative thoughts and trying to focus thoughts and attention on positive things. In addition, universities need to provide adequate health facilities, including psychological assistance