Immunologic factors in patients with chronic polypoid sinusitis

Nasal polyposis is the benign protrusion of soft tissue into the nasal cavity, with multifactorial origin. This study is designed to examine the suggested role of IgE and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Blood samples were taken from 32 patients with chronic polypoid sinusitis and 32 controls. CD4 and CD8 total lymphocyte count were determined by flow cytometry and the level of serum IgE was measured by ELISA. Nasal discharge samples were also collected for determining IgE level in both patients and controls during surgery. In 68.8% of patients a history of allergy was present. The level of nasal discharge IgE was significantly higher (p 0.05). CD8 concentration and blood lymphocytes were significantly higher (

Immunologic factors in patients with chronic polypoid sinusitis

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Health care seeking behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients in East Azerbaijan

Background. Timely and effective use of health care services is essential to delay or prevent complications and reduce the burden of diabetes. Positive health care seeking behaviors can improve diabetes control and, as a result, reduce the incidence of the complications. So, this study aimed to investigate the status of health care seeking behaviors and affecting factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study. There were 1139 patients with type 2 diabetes aged > 18 years selected who referred to educational hospitals, Endocrinologist office, primary health care centers, and Clinics. Data collected using a researchermade questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results. 36.3% of diabetic patients initially referred to a physician in the event of illness symptoms, and 70.7% of patients referred to a physician in case of exacerbating of disease symptoms. 58.4% of patients preferred to consult a specialist directly. 78.85 of patients reported that they had referred to a physician on a regular basis and 59.9% of patients followed up their treatment process on a regular basis. The physician was the main source of information for the majority of patients. Income, education and health insurance status, disease severity, chronicity of DM, the history of hospitalization due to DM were the affecting factors on health care seeking behaviors (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Most of the diabetics often did not follow the official structure of health care providing to manage their illness, and despite the referral system and family practitioner program more than half of the patients went directly to the specialist physician’s office. Factors related to the patient (an income and education status), disease characteristics (disease severity, chronicity of DM and the history of hospitalization due to DM) and health care system factors (type of the basic insurance and supplementary insurance status) affect the health care seeking behaviors

Molecular detection of Brucella species in patients suspicious of Brucellosis from Zanjan, Iran

Abstract Brucella is an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify Brucella spp in sera of high risk individuals by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. A total of 180 patients suspected to have Brucellosis were examined by serological tests. To establish a PCR protocol for diagnosis of active brucellosis, DNA was extracted from the serum samples by using a commercial kit. PCR amplification was done for detection of Brocella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. The PCR assay showed that an amplicon of 223 bp was obtained in 73.8% (133/180) of the tested sera using primers (B 4 /B 5 ) derived from a gene encoding the 31-kDa Brucella abortus antigen. In another PCR, an amplicon of 498 bp was obtained in 63.8% (115/180) of the samples using Brucella abortus-specific primers derived from a locus adjacent to the 3'-end of IS711, and also an amplicon of 731 bp was produced in 4.4% (8/180) of the tested samples using Brucella melitensis-specific primers. When the Wright method was used as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique for genus identification were found to be 96 and 80.7%, respectively. However, the sensitivity value obtained with the species-specific PCR method was 82%, and specificity was similar to that previous reported. This is the first report of a high frequency of Brucella abortus in patients suspicious of Brucellosis from the Zanjan province