Electrodialysis of tomato juice

Thermal decarboxylation of carboxylic acids has been helpful in illustrating some fundamentals of reaction kinetics in solution. It has been important in formulation of the theory of unimolecular reactions. It is also used frequently in the synthetical methods of organic chemistry. In a recent study of the anodic oxidation of malonic acid in sulfuric acid at 80⁰C using a platinum anode, the interpretation of some results was impossible due to the spontaneous decomposition of the malonic acid. As no information is available in the literature about decomposition rates of malonic acid in sulfuric acid at the concentrations used, it was necessary to study this aspect before continuing the anodic oxidation studies. The purpose of this investigation was to determine reaction rate, order, activation energy, pH effect, and catalytic effect of divalent metal ions on the decarboxylation at higher concentrations (0.5N to 5N) of malonic acid. Hopefully, these data could be used to extend the mechanism proposed by others in the low concentration region or to suggest a mechanism to apply to these higher concentrations --Introduction, page 1

'Ossification'- a novel approach for immobilisation of platinum group metal complex catalysts

The technique known as 'ossification' has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for immobilisation of metal complexes, generating highly selective, stable and recyclable heterogeneous counterparts of homogeneous catalysts. 'Ossification' involves modifying the ligand(s) in a metal complex catalyst to achieve inherently insoluble forms of the metal complexes, without destroying the configuration responsible for their catalytic properties. The ossified catalysts have been demonstrated to show high catalytic activity and selectivity for a number of industrially important reaction classes such as palladium-catalysed carbonylation and Suzuki coupling and rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation. The characterisation of these catalysts has also shown that the key features of their homogeneous metal complex analogues are retained on immobilisation. The approach is very useful for the design and development of immobilised catalysts with specific features and functionality for various applications. It is also advantageous for catalyst-product separation. This article reviews the recent work on ossification involving platinum group metal complex catalysts in our research group

PC Controlled Rain Simulation

Rainfall simulators have a long history of successful use in both laboratory and field investigations. A challenge faced today is to have practical method of assessing the impact of various natural phenomena on day to day life. With the climatic change taking place globally, there is necessity to simulate rain to assess and estimate its impact on our lives. It is developed with an objective to simulate rainfall which is computer controlled hardware implemented simulation for scaled model food godown. In this paper, we describe simulation of rain practically on a scaled model. The simulator is controlled by PC which can be programmed as per the requirement of user and can be modified and adopted easily. The process of PWM is achieved using a PC which has custom developed program interfaced to drive a water delivery system through PLC and MOSFET drive. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15064

Impact of Medium Anisotropy on Quarkonium Dissociation and Regeneration

Quarkonium production in ultra-relativistic collisions plays a crucial role in probing the existence of hot QCD matter. This study explores quarkonia states dissociation and regeneration in the hot QCD medium while considering momentum anisotropy. The net quarkonia decay width ($\Gamma_{D}$) arises from two essential processes: collisional damping and gluonic dissociation. The quarkonia regeneration includes the transition from octet to singlet states within the anisotropic medium. Our study utilizes a medium-modified potential that incorporates anisotropy via particle distribution functions. This modified potential gives rise to collisional damping for quarkonia due to the surrounding medium, as well as the transition of quarkonia from singlet to octet states due to interactions with gluons. Furthermore, we employ the detailed balance approach to investigate the regeneration of quarkonia within this medium. Our comprehensive analysis spans various temperature settings, transverse momentum values, and anisotropic strengths. Notably, we find that, in addition to medium temperatures and heavy quark transverse momentum, anisotropy significantly influences the dissociation and regeneration of various quarkonia states.Comment: 9 pages and 4 captioned figure

Low Power EMC Optimized Wireless Sensor Network for Air Pollution Monitoring System

Air pollution has significant repercussion on the concentrations of constituents in atmosphere leading to consequences like global warming and acid rain. Traditional air polluting monitoring methods are expensive and bulky, to overcome this disadvantage WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) has come into existence which has advantage of being small, easy to setup, inexpensive and provide real time monitoring of data. In this paper, modular wireless sensor architecture for pollution monitoring system that measures the level of carbon monoxide, particulate Matter, nitrogen-di-oxide and sulphur-di-oxide in environment and sends the measured data to server is proposed. The proposed system is designed for extremely low power operation which monitors the pollutants level and sends the data to server via GPRS and can be used in secured places like military and defence. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15061

J/ψJ/\psi and ψ\psi(2S) polarization in proton-proton collisions at the LHC energies using PYTHIA8

The production mechanisms of charmonium states in both hadronic and heavy-ion collisions hold great significance for investigating the hot and dense QCD matter. Studying charmonium polarization in ultra-relativistic collisions can also provide insights into the underlying production mechanisms. With this motivation, we explore the $J/\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) polarization in proton+proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a pQCD-inspired Monte-Carlo event generator called PYTHIA8. This work considers reconstructed quarkonia through their dimuons decay channel in the ALICE forward rapidity acceptance range of $2.5 < y_{\mu \mu} < 4$. Further, we calculate the polarization parameters $\lambda_{\theta}$, $\lambda_{\phi}$, $\lambda_{\theta \phi}$ from the polar and azimuthal angular distributions of the dimuons in helicity and Collins-Soper frames. This study presents a comprehensive measurement of the polarization parameters as a function of transverse momentum, charged-particle multiplicity, and rapidity at the LHC energies. Our findings of charmonium polarization are in qualitative agreement with the corresponding experimental data.Comment: 10 pages and 5-captioned figures. Submitted for publicatio

A new method for the synthesis of hydrophobized, catalytically active Pt nanoparticles

A single step method for the synthesis of catalytically active, hydrophobic Pt nanoparticles by the spontaneous reduction of aqueous PtCl62− ions by hexadecylaniline molecules at a liquid-liquid interface is described

Impact of vorticity and viscosity on the hydrodynamic evolution of hot QCD medium

The strongly interacting transient quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium created in ultra-relativistic collisions survive for a duration of a few fm/c. The spacetime evolution of QGP crucially depends on the equation of state (EoS), vorticity, viscosity, magnetic field, etc. In the present study, we obtain the QGP lifetime considering it as a 1+1-dimensionally (1+1) D expanding fluid by using second-order viscous hydrodynamics. We observe that the coupling of vorticity and viscosity significantly increases the lifetime of rotating QGP. Incorporating a static magnetic field along with vorticity and viscosity makes the evolution slower. However, for a non-rotating medium, the static magnetic field slightly decreases the QGP lifetime by accelerating the evolution process. We also report the rate of change of vorticity in the QGP medium, which can be helpful in studying the medium behavior in detail.Comment: 16 pages and 20 captioned figures. Submitted for publicatio

Semiflexible polymer conformation, distribution and migration in microcapillary flows

The flow behavior of a semiflexible polymer in microchannels is studied using Multiparticle Collision Dynamics (MPC), a particle-based hydrodynamic simulation technique. Conformations, distributions, and radial cross-streamline migration are investigated for various bending rigidities, with persistence lengths Lp in the range 0.5 < Lp/Lr < 30. The flow behavior is governed by the competition between a hydrodynamic lift force and steric wall-repulsion, which lead to migration away from the wall, and a locally varying flow-induced orientation, which drives polymer away from the channel center and towards the wall. The different dependencies of these effects on the polymer bending rigidity and the flow velocity results in a complex dynamical behavior. However, a generic effect is the appearance of a maximum in the monomer and the center-of-mass distributions, which occurs in the channel center for small flow velocities, but moves off-center at higher velocities.Comment: in press at J. Phys. Condens. Matte