Perception des producteurs et impact des facteurs socio-économiques sur la connaissance des mycotoxines du maïs en stockage au Bénin

Au Bénin, plusieurs technologies sont utilisées pour la conservation du maïs. Ces technologies utilisées ne contrôlent pas toujours les pertes fongiques enregistrées. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer l’impact des facteurs socio-économiques des producteurs sur les technologies de prévention des pertes fongiques et leur niveau de connaissance des mycotoxines du maïs en stockage. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été réalisée dans sept zones agro-écologiques du Bénin. Au total, sept technologies de stockages du maïs ont été inventoriées (de A à G). La technologie B est non seulement présente dans toutes les zones parcourues mais aussi, elle est fortement représentée dans les zones III, IV et VIII avec des proportions respectives de 51,33%; 62,86% et 69,83%. La population agricole ayant un niveau secondaire (27%) et les alphabétisés (15%) ont la chance de connaître les mycotoxines. Les enquêtés (100%) ne connaissent pas le danger lié à la consommation du maïs contaminé et n’ont jamais reçu une formation sur les mycotoxines. L’observation de la couleur verte (61% des enquêtés) et la couleur noire (28% des enquêtés) témoigne bien de la persistance des mycotoxines dans le maïs en stock au Bénin.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Technologie, conservation, céréales, contamination, moisissuresEnglish Title: Perception of maize producers in Benin and impact of the socio-economic factors on the knowledge of the mycotoxins of maize in storageEnglish AbstractIn Benin, various technologies are used for the conservation of the maize. Those technologies don't often control the recorded fungal losses. The objective of the study is to value the impact of the socioeconomic factors of producers on technologies of fungal loss prevention and their level of knowledge of mycotoxins of the maize in storage. A survey has been achieved in seven agro - ecological zones of Benin. Thus, a total of seven maize storage technologies were inventoried (A to G). The use of technology B is not only apparent in all the zones covered but it is also significantly used in zones III, IV and VIII in the respective proportions of51.33%; 62.86% and 69.83%. The agricultural population, i.e. those with secondary education (27%) and the literates (15%) happen to have some knowledge about mycotoxins. People investigated (100%) do not have knowledge of the danger associated with the consumption of contaminated maize and have never received training on mycotoxins. The observation of a green colour (by 61% of respondents) and black colour (by 28% of respondents) is testimony to the persistence of mycotoxins in maize under storage in Benin.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Technology, conservation, cereals, contamination, mould

Maize Fungal Growth Control with Scopoletin of Cassava Roots Produced in Benin

The chemical contamination of food is among the main public health issues in developing countries. With a view to find new natural bioactive products against fungi responsible for chemical contamination of staple food such as maize, the antifungal activity tests of scopoletin extracted from different components of the cassava root produced in Benin were carried out. The dosage of scopoletin from parts of the root (first skin, second skin, whole root, and flesh) was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The scopoletin extract was used to assess the activity of 12 strains (11 strains of maize and a reference strain). The presence of scopoletin was revealed in all components of the cassava root. Scopoletin extracted from the first skin cassava root was the most active both as inhibition of sporulation (52.29 to 87.91%) and the mycelial growth (36.51–80.41%). Scopoletin extract from the cassava root skins showed significant inhibitory activity on the tested strains with fungicide concentration (MFC) between 0.0125 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL. The antifungal scopoletin extracted from the cassava root skins may be well beneficial for the fungal control of the storage of maize