Nível de atividade física e coordenação motora de escolares em diferentes estágios maturacionais

Introduction: Motor development studies and debates reveal that sport and physical activity develop and improve motor skills. These studies seek to understand the changes that occur with movement, which becomes more complex as it develops through physical activity. Objective: To compare the level of physical activity and motor coordination of students in different maturational stages and to relate the level of physical activity with the motor coordination of young people. Methods: Descriptive research with cross-sectional design. A total of 46 male subjects aged 10 to 14 years participated in the study. Baecke's usual physical activity questionnaire was applied; the maturity stage was verified through the Puberal Maturation Prediction Equation; the body composition was evaluated through the Guedes protocol for children and adolescents; Finally, the coordinative performance was classified using the Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. Results: There were significant differences for the variables Age and Height among all stages: P3, P4 and P5 maturation. The differences found in the variable body weight occurred only between the P3 and P5 stages; P4 and P5. It was also observed that no significant differences were found for motor coordination between maturation stages. The same occurred when physical activity indexes were compared. Conclusion: There is no difference in the level of physical activity between stages 3, 4 and 5 of sexual maturation, nor does the maturational stage seem to influence the level of motor coordination of young students.Introdução: Estudos e debates na área do desenvolvimento motor revelam que o esporte e a atividade física desenvolvem e melhoram as habilidades motoras. Esses estudos buscam compreender as mudanças que ocorrem com o movimento, o qual se torna mais complexo à medida que se desenvolve através da atividade física. Objetivo: Comparar o nível de atividade física e coordenação motora de escolares em diferentes estágios maturacionais e relacionar o nível de atividade física com a coordenação motora de jovens. Método: Pesquisa descritiva com corte transversal. Participaram do estudo 46 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idades entre 10 e 14 anos. Foi aplicado o questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke; o estágio de maturidade foi verificado através da Equação de Predição da Maturação Puberal; a composição corporal foi avaliada através do protocolo de Guedes para crianças e adolescentes; por fim, o desempenho coordenativo foi classificado por meio da bateria de testes Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK). Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas para as variáveis Idade e Estatura entre todos os estágios: P3, P4 e P5 de maturação. As diferenças encontradas na massa corporal ocorreram apenas entre os estágios P3 e P5; P4 e P5. Observou-se também que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a coordenação motora entre os estágios de maturação. O mesmo ocorreu quando os índices de atividade física foram comparados. Conclusão: Não existe diferença no nível de atividade física entre os estágios 3, 4 e 5 da maturação sexual, assim como o estágio maturacional não parece influenciar o nível de coordenação motora de jovens escolares

Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and physical exercise in persons living with HIV/AIDS

OBJETIVO Analisar se aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e de hábitos de vida saudável estão associados à qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. MÉTODOS Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória de corte transversal, com 227 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids, atendidos em dois hospitais de referência entre os períodos de abril 2012 a junho de 2014. Foram utilizados questionários estruturados para avaliar aspectos socioeconômicos (sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, cor de pele, status socioeconômico, dependentes da renda familiar, vínculo empregatício), parâmetros clínicos (tempo de diagnóstico da doença, uso e tempo de medicação, contagem de células TCD4 e carga viral) e prática de exercício físico. Para avaliar qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário Quality of Life (HAT-QoL). Para caracterização dos dados socioeconômicos, clínicos e domínios da qualidade de vida, conduzimos análise descritiva (frequência simples, médias e desvios-padrão). Aplicamos regressão linear, seguindo um modelo hierárquico para cada domínio da qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS Os domínios que apresentaram menores médias para a qualidade de vida foram preocupação financeira, preocupação com sigilo, função geral e satisfação com a vida. Foram encontradas associações com as variáveis status socioeconômico e exercício físico; terapia; e exercício físico para os dois últimos domínios, consecutivamente. CONCLUSÕES A qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids apresentam prejuízos, principalmente nas questões financeiras e de sigilo, seguidos da função geral do corpo e satisfações com a vida, em que os aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e hábitos de vida saudável, como a prática de exercício físico, são fatores determinantes para essa realidade.OBJECTIVE To analyze whether socioeconomic and clinical aspects and the aspects of healthy life habits are associated with the quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS This is a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative research, with 227 persons living with HIV/AIDS, treated at two hospitals of reference between April 2012 and June 2014. We used structured questionnaires to assess socioeconomic aspects (gender, age, education level, marital status, race, socioeconomic status, dependents on family income, employment relationship), clinical parameters (time of disease diagnosis, use and time of medication, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load), and practice of physical exercise. To assess quality of life, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire (HAT-QoL). For characterization of the socioeconomic and clinical data and domains of quality of life, we conducted a descriptive analysis (simple frequency, averages, and standard deviations). We applied linear regression, following a hierarchical model for each domain of quality of life. RESULTS The domains that presented lower averages for quality of life were financial concern, concern with confidentiality, general function, and satisfaction with life. We found associations with the variables of socioeconomic status and physical exercise, therapy, and physical exercise for the last two domains, consecutively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS shows losses, especially in the financial and confidentiality areas, followed by general function of the body and satisfaction with life, in which socioeconomic and clinical aspects and healthy living habits, such as the practice of physical exercise, are determining factors for this reality

Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents

Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent

Influence of Healthy Habits Counseling on Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents with HIV: Longitudinal Study

We analyze the influence of dietary counseling and physical activity on biochemical and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with HIV. A longitudinal experimental study, including three analyses: At the beginning, 4th month, and 8th month. A sample of 18 subjects with HIV of both sexes, mean age 10.4 ± 4.50 years. Usual food intake (24 h recall and food intake marker), level of habitual physical activity, biochemical parameters, resting metabolic rate, as well as body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), biological maturation, and anamnesis with clinical data and socioeconomic were evaluated. There was an effect of time on the reduction of blood glucose and triglycerides and the resting metabolic rate. There was a significant increase in fruit consumption throughout the study. The consumption of soft drinks decreased when comparing analysis periods 1 and 2, however, it increased again in analysis period 3. There was no significant effect of time on the set of variables related to a food recall. Counseling healthy habits and regular clinical follow-up were relevant for improving biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol), maintaining the resting metabolic rate, increasing fruit consumption, and decreasing the consumption of soft drinks, in part of the time, of children and adolescents with HIV. Finally, we emphasize that counseling positively influenced healthy habits, and these, in turn, improved health-related parameters

Comparison of Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition between Healthy Adolescents and Those Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case–control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents