CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UN INCLINÓMETRO ÓPTICO PARA DESPLAZAMIENTO VERTICAL DE ESTRUCTURAS CIVILES (CHARACTERIZATION OF AN OPTICAL INCLINOMETER FOR VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT OF CIVIL STRUCTURES)

ResumenEn este artículo, se presenta un sensor de inclinación de fibra óptica basado en la modulación de intensidad, la cual se relaciona experimentalmente en función de pérdidas provocadas por macrocurvaturas en una fibra multimodo. El inclinómetro utiliza un engrane-cremallera, que cuando el eje principal del mecanismo sufre una inclinación, se modifica la trayectoria de la luz debido al cambio de curvatura en la fibra óptica. Para la caracterización del sensor se empleó una fuente de luz y un medidor de intensidad para pruebas de laboratorio. Se observó en la configuración experimental propuesta, que a mayor ángulo de inclinación mayor pérdida de intensidad óptica experimenta. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que el inclinómetro proporcionaba un rango de medición de 0 ° a 10° con una sensibilidad de 0.232 nW/°.Palabras Claves: Fibra multimodo, inclinómetro, macrocurvatura. AbstractIn this article, an optical fiber inclination sensor based on intensity modulation is presented, which is experimentally related to losses caused by macrocurvatures in a multimode fiber. The inclinometer uses a gear-rack, which when the main axis of the mechanism suffers an inclination, the light path is modified due to the change in curvature in the optical fiber. For the characterization of the sensor, a light source and an intensity meter were used for laboratory tests. It was observed in the proposed experimental configuration, that the greater the inclination angle the greater the loss of optical intensity it experiences. Experimental results showed that the inclinometer provided a measuring range of 0 ° to 10 ° with a sensitivity of 0.232 nW/°.Keywords: Inclinometer, macro-curvature, multimode fiber

Analysis of a DC-DC Flyback Converter Variant for Thermoelectric Generators with Partial Energy Processing

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a DC-DC flyback converter variant applied in energy harvesting based on thermoelectric generators. The main contribution of the article is the analysis and obtaining the equations of the behavior of the converter with a rearrangement of the elements of the traditional flyback converter in such a way that the converter only processes part of the energy while the other part is delivered directly to the load. This is achieved by connecting the secondary of the flyback in series with the load, and this assembly, in turn, is placed in parallel with the primary and the voltage source. This configuration means that the topology can only be a boost topology; however, there are benefits such as partial power processing (R2P2) and reduced stress on converter components in both voltage and current; all this leads to increase the efficiency. A Low Frequency Averaging Analysis (LFAA) was used to determine the behavior of the proposed circuit, and a simple equivalent circuit to analyze was obtained. In order to validate the theoretical analysis, a circuit was simulated in Spice and implemented in an 18 W prototype. Experimental results showed that the converter has an efficiency of 92.65%. Moreover, the rearranged flyback processed only 56% of the input power