Acute appendicitis - One of the causes of peritonitis in newborn - A case report with literature review

INTRODUCTION. Acute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in children however in newborn and infants it’s casuistics. It is also the most common surgical emergency in pregnancy. Right lower abdominal pain, abdominal stiffness, and periabdominal pain radiating to the right lower abdomen are the best signs to diagnose acute appendicitis in adults. Absence Or attenuation of intestinal murmurs, positive sternal muscle signs, positive blunt signs, and positive Rovsing's Sign are the most reliable signs for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. PURPOSE. The aim of the study is to show diagnostic difficulties of acute appendicitis in newborns and infants. It is one of the main differential diagnoses of unclear abdominal conditions. The smaller the child, the less characteristic the symptoms. A CASE REPORT. The study analyzes a male newborn born in the 37th week of pregnancy by caesarean section. Prenatal and family history of siblings' illnesses. In whom, on the 11th day of life, symptoms of food intolerance were found, green deposits were noticed in the stomach probe, and the presence of blood in the stool. Intraoperatively, gangrenous perforated appendix with diffuse peritonitis was found.Acute appendicitis is rarely considered in newborns and infants as the etiological factor of acute peritonitis. However, the presented patient with a genetic defect.CONCLUSION. Acute appendicitis is a common phenomenon in childhood, but this diagnosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in the neonatal period, is more common in premature babies. The clinical picture of neonatal acute appendicitis is unspecific and may lead to delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis, which is a much more common condition in the neonatal period. We would like to present the diagnostic difficulties, course of treatment, and complications associated with neonatal appendicitis

The most common dermatological manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases are increasingly common problem in clinical practice. This condition is caused by both the growing morbidity and more accurate and widely available diagnostic methods, affecting the rising recognition.  It is worth remembering, that clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease is not limited to gastrointestinal tract.  Dermatological symptoms are an important part in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases, because they can occur as the first manifestation of the beginning of the disease process, as well as be a prognostic factor for the occurrence of exacerbations of the disease. This is an invaluable source of information on the patient's clinical condition, affecting the effectiveness of his treatment in the early stages of the disease, and allowing more efficient control of its course.  This has an enormous impact on the prognosis and comfort of patients' lives. In the following article, available medical studies on extraintestinal skin manifestations, clinical presentation and treatment options have been reviewed

Erythritol: Evaluation of its Potential Therapeutic Applications and Discussion on Safety Issues - A Review

Introduction: Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that has become increasingly popular as a low-calorie sweetener due to its unique characteristics. It is a naturally occurring substance that is found in various foods such as fruits and vegetables. In recent years, erythritol has gained attention as a potential alternative to traditional sugars due to its minimal impact on blood glucose level. The aim of the study: This review aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of erythritol and its potential therapeutic applications. Specifically, the review focuses on the role of erythritol in managing diabetes type 2 patients and obesity. Material and Methods: A systematic search was conducted on various academic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles published mainly between 2013 and 2022 were included in the study. In addition, some older articles were included in the analysis if they provided essential information for a comprehensive understanding of erythritol. The articles were analysed, and relevant information was extracted. Description of the state of knowledge: The study is based on an analysis of various scientific publications, including original articles and reviews, that provide insights into the features of erythritol and its potential therapeutic applications. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of erythritol, highlighting its properties and the potential applications that could be explored in the future. Conclusions: Overall, erythritol appears to be a promising low-calorie sweetener that may have various potential therapeutic applications, particularly in managing diabetes type 2 patients and obesity. While further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits, the current evidence suggests that erythritol could be a valuable tool in promoting better health outcomes

Skin aging from the medical point of view, literature review in the aspect of tissue stimulants

Introduction and purpose of the work.  Aesthetic medicine currently has many methods to keep our skin in the best possible condition, and one of these methods is the use of tissue stimulators. The purpose of the following paper is to analyze, present and apply tissue stimulators in anti-aging prevention. Review methods. The paper is based on a review of literature about tissue stimulators, aesthetic medicine and anti-aging therapy. Most of the publications used were from Pubmed and Google Scholar electronic databases. State of the art description. Aesthetic medicine is a department that over the past few years has been closely associated with the slowing down of skin aging processes. In humans, over the years, proliferative processes slow down, the rate of collagen and elastin degradation increases, and the intercellular matrix is reduced. Substances known as tissue stimulators used in anti-aging therapies mean that the above processes can be delayed. Conclusion. The expectations of patients visiting aesthetic medicine clinics regarding activities that improve their appearance are increasing. They are unable to accept their own aesthetic defects, which is why they often strive for unnatural effects. Tissue simulator treatments can be a valuable way for patients to maintain healthy and rejuvenated skin

Is it possible to change the human voice? - analysis of the medical review on the example of people facing gender dysphoria

Introduction The term gender dysphoria has been known to humanity for a long time. Transsexuality has many definitions, but each of them leads to the same conclusions. It is a lack of acceptance of one's own biological sex, the one indicated by the anatomy and sex given to a newborn human. For these people, it is important that their appearance and tone of voice allow them to be recognized according to the gender they want to represent. This topic requires a multidisciplinary approach of specialists from various fields of medicine, such as: phoniatrics, otolaryngology, endocrinology, surgery and psychiatry. Purpose The aim of study is to review data on voice modification in both transgender men and transgender women. The possibilities that medicine offers to people who want to change the tone, quality and pitch of their voice will be emphasized. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and Science Direct databases. ResultsChanging the voice of transgender people is essential for self-acceptance and improves the quality of life of such people. Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety have been found to be significantly less after treatment has been implemented in these people's lives. ConclusionsMedicine offers many solutions, from conservative to invasive. Over the years, therapies have been developed that combine many medical fields, and these often bring the expected results. People who decide to undergo surgery must be aware that the results may not always be as expected or that complications may occur

CO2 ablative fractional laser - mechanism of action and assessment of safety, effectiveness in the treatment and possible side effects based on a review of scientific literature

Introduction: Laser therapy has been used in medicine for many years. One of the most willingly used is the fractional ablative CO2 laser. As a result of its use, the improvement of pigmentation, skin texture and signs of aging are achieved. Laser therapy owes its popularity to its low invasiveness and good, long-lasting effects of the procedure. Despite its important role in aesthetic medicine, we should not forget about its participation in the treatment of scars, often extensive, causing troublesome symptoms to patients, the source of which is not only a defect of a cosmetic nature. Purpose of the work: The purpose of the study is to present mechanism of action, assessment of safety,  effectiveness in the treatment and possible side effects based on a review of scientific literature. Material and methods: The work was based on a review of available medical publications on the use of the fractional ablative CO2 laser. The literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was searched based on the following keywords: fractional ablative CO2 laser, mechanism of action, safety of use, side effects. Conclusion: The use of a fractional ablative CO2 laser causes the increased collagen production in the dermis. This effect contributes to the elevation of the quantity and level of collagen arrangement, and also to the reduction of the visibility of the effects of photoaging. As a result, the skin in the treated area becomes thicker, and thus firmer. The pigmentation and texture are also being improved. The procedure is relatively slightly invasive, and the side effects are self-limiting in the most cases

Is immunosuppressive therapy an effective treatment for COVID-19? – literature review

Introduction: The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a dysregulated immune response and a generalized inflammatory response. Therefore, during the search for effective therapy, attention was paid to drugs affecting and stabilizing such a response - tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, anakinra, baricitinib.Purpose of the work: Evaluation of the impact of immunosuppressant therapy on the course of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Material and methods: The work was based on a review of available medical publications about immunosuppressive therapy for COVID-19 treatment. The literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was searched based on the following keywords: tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, baricitinib, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, immunosuppressive therapy.Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the literature, the most effective therapeutic option seems to be tocilizumab. Promising alternatives may be sarilumab and siltuximab as they have the same target point of action. However, it is necessary to conduct further tests on their operation. The use of baricitinib may be useful, but probably only in certain circumstances. Anakinra proved to be much less effective. It should therefore be used with great caution

Multidirectional pharmacological effects of saponins in light of clinical trials: a systematic review of literature

Introduction: Saponins are secondary metabolites widely distributed in higher plants with multidirectional pharmacological effects. We distinguish between steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins, which are composed of glycone and aglycone. The varied medicinal properties of saponins are influenced by the presence of different substituents in the polycyclic aglycone, e.g. hydroxyls, hydroxymethyls, carboxyls and acyl groups, as well as the difference in bonding, composition and number of sugar chains. It is noteworthy that foods rich in these compounds can reduce the risk of developing various diseases, and the isolation of these compounds from the plant matrix provides new opportunities to create potential and effective drugs. Purpose of the work: Conduct a literature review on the basis of available clinical studies on the pharmacological effects of saponins extracted from medicinal plants and their potential application in medicine. Materials and methods: The work was based on a literature review of available medical publications from clinical trials conducted for the multidirectional therapeutic effects of saponins. Reports available in publications and scientific studies posted in medical information databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar were summarised. Results: Clinical studies confirm the pharmacological effect of saponins in the treatment of sports injuries and trauma, type II diabetes, abnormal glycemic state  fasting glucose, ischemic heart disease, pancytopenia and aplastic anemia. Conclusions: With the advancement of scientific research on saponins, it is possible to use them to produce potential drugs and dietary supplements with pharmacological effects. However, before saponins can be used for medical treatment, further research on their efficacy and safety is needed. &nbsp

The role of flavonoids in digestive tract cancer prevention - a review article

Introduction: Flavonoids are bioactive chemical compounds crucial for the functioning of plant organisms. Recently, they have been intensively studied in search of their potential application in medicine. One of the most popular fields in that regard is oncology. Digestive tract cancers are still a challenge for contemporary medicine. Our diet seems to have a direct impact on the etiology of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers. The relationship between the consumption of flavonoids, their specific fractions, and digestive tract cancer morbidity is nowadays frequently investigated.Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the most recent scientific reports and summarize the current state of knowledge, considering the role of flavonoids in digestive tract cancer prevention.Materials and methods: Our work is based on articles accessed through medical information databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, CrossRef), various scientific books, and official NFZ and WHO-certified sites.Results: Total flavonoid intake lowers gastric and esophageal cancer morbidity. A high amount of dietary catechins prevents the growth of gastric and colorectal cancer. Increased consumption of anthocyanidins, flavones, and flavanones decreases esophageal cancer morbidity. Isoflavones, procyanidines, anthocyanidins, flaonols, and flavones severely decrease the chance of developing colorectal cancer.Conclusions: Flavonoids can play an important role in digestive tract cancer prevention. They suppress the growth of colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers. Nevertheless, new, high-quality studies are needed in order to compile adequate procedures and bring new, potential drugs to the market

Implantation of a leadless pacemaker as a promising solution for patients with arythmia – current state of knowledge

Introduction: In cardiac electrotherapy, new solutions are constantly sought to minimise the invasiveness of methods used so far and reduce the risk of complications. Implantation of traditional cardiac pacemakers carries risks of high probability that may cause both early and late adverse effects which are associated with presence of subcutaneous lodge and intravenous wires. A significant reduction in complications may be achieved by using leadless pacemakers the main representative of which is MicraTM (MicraTM transcatheter pacing system: TPS, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, MN, USA). Micra is 90% smaller than conventional pacemaker. The generator and electrode system is contained in one capsule-like device that is implanted directly into the right ventricle of the heart. The transcatheter pacing system is less invasive because it is placed in the heart with the use of a catheter via a femoral vein. thus no chest incision and scar. Purpose of the work: The aim is to present the subject of leadless cardiac pacing with the use of Micra device based on a review of current scientific publications. Methods and materials: The available medical literature related to cardiac pacing was analysed taking leadless technology into account. The analysed material was obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar. Conclusion: Cardiac electrotherapy with the use of leadless Micra pacemaker is a great example of substantial technological progress. Due to its structure and form, it is a beneficial alternative to a traditional pacemaker. It also offers promising solutions for the future. This is, however, a relatively new method of stimulation requiring further observation and analysis