Some doubts on the validity of the foreground Galactic contribution subtraction from microwave anisotropies

The Galactic foreground contamination in CMBR anisotropies, especially from the dust component, is not easily separable from the cosmological or extragalactic component. In this paper, some doubts will be raised concerning the validity of the methods used to date to remove Galactic dust emission in order to show that none of them achieves its goal. First, I review the recent bibliography on the topic and discuss critically the methods of foreground subtraction: the cross-correlation with templates, analysis assuming the spectral shape of the Galactic components, the "maximum entropy method", "internal linear combination", and "wavelet-based high resolution fitting of internal templates". Second, I analyse the galactic latitude dependence from WMAP data. The frequency dependence is discussed with the data in the available literature. The result is that all methods of subtracting the Galactic contamination are inaccurate. The galactic latitude dependence analysis or the frequency dependence of the anisotropies in the range 50-250 GHz put a constraint on the maximum Galactic contribution in the power spectrum to be less than a ~10% (68% C. L.) for a ~1 degree scale, and possibly higher for larger scales. The origin of most of the signal in the CMBR anisotropies is not Galactic. In any case, the subtraction of the Galaxy is not accurate enough to allow a "precision Cosmology"; other sources of contamination (extragalactic, solar system) are also present.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, accepted to be published in J. Astrophys. Ast

Einfluss der Kalzium- und Ballaststoffsupplementierung der Diaet auf das Wachstum und die Neubildung von Dickdarmpolypen bei polypektomierten Patienten Abschlussbericht

This randomized placebo controlled study is part of a paneuropean intervention study. A total of 114 patients were included by the German study centre, 73 of them reaching the defined study endpoint. All 73 patients underwent colonoscopic investigations according to the protocol (initial and final investigation). In 68 of 73 patients a biopsy was taken from the mocosa of the colon. In 71 patients the proposed blood sample, in 69 patients fecal and urin samples were collected, 69 have a complete nutritional survey at the begin and at the end of the study. Biopsies were evaluated immunohistologicaly using the proliferationmarkers PCNA and Ki 67. All original histologies of removed polyps were sent to the central study pathologist in Odense, Denmark. Cytoginetic analysis will be carried out in Dijon. Fecal bile acid patterns were determined by using HPLC-techniques. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(61,31) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman