Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma during Pregnancy

Introduction:Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) during pregnancy are very uncommon, and primary symptoms of NHL are similar to pregnancy physiologic changes.Case presentation:We report a case of NHL during pregnancy that didn’t have any peripheral lymphadenopathy, with mediastinal involvement. Chemotherapy began during pregnancy and after delivery treatment continued with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and mother and baby were both healthy.Conclusion: Early diagnosis of NHL cause to better prognosis of disease andmaking a chance for mother to make a decision about continue pregnancy or not and about her treatments

A review for discovering hepatoprotective herbal drugs with least side effects on kidney

The liver is a vital organ which plays a major role in the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body, and liver disease is a worldwide health problem. The currently available synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders cause further damage to the liver and kidney so it is imperative to find new drugs with least side effects. There are a number of treatment combinations which are derived from medicinal plants and commonly administered as tonic for the liver. In this review, we have introduced most important medicinal plants that are used in liver disorders and have least side effects on kidney. In this regards, we have focused on their active constituents, effects and trial studies, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic characteristics, dosages, and toxicity. Amaranthus spinosus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cichorium inthybus L., Phyllanthus species (amarus, niruri, emblica), Picrorhiza kurroa, and Silybum marianum have been extensively administered for the treatment of liver disorders. The introduced medicinal plants can be used for production of new drugs via antioxidant-related properties, hepatoprotective activities and least side effects on kidney for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders

The effect of life skills face to face meeting on mental health of children of divorce

. زمینه و هدف: کودکان طلاق در معرض مسایل زیادی از قبیل اختلالات روانی و شخصیتی و کمبود توانایی های ارتباط اجتماعی هستند. هدف برنامه آموزش مهارت های زندگی ارتقای مهارت های روانی اجتماعی در برخورد با چالشهای طبیعی که در زندگی با آن روبرو می شوند، می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تاثیر جلسات مشاوره حضوری بر سلامت روان در فرزندان زوجین طلاق گرفته در شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مداخله ای 60 کودک طلاق به روش در دسترس در شهرستان شهرکرد انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه 30 نفری شاهد و مداخله تقسیم شدند. پس از تکمیل پیش آزمون با استفاده از پرسشنامه توانایی ها و مشکلات (SDQ) فرم والدین در هر دو گروه، آموزش گروه مداخله به صورت جلسه ای یکی از مهارت های ده گانه زندگی با حضور والدین و با تاکید بر مشکلات کودکان طلاق انجام شد. پس از دو ماه پرسشنامه توانایی ها و مشکلات مجدداً برای هر دو گروه تکمیل گردید و اطلاعات به کمک آزمون های آماری t مستقل، t زوجی و کای اسکور آنالیز گردید. یافته ها: قبل از آموزش میانگین نمره دو گروه از نظر علایم هیجانی، اختلال سلوک، پیش فعالی، مشکلات با همسالان، رفتار مطلوب اجتماعی و نمره کل پرسشنامه و بعد از آموزش در علائم هیجانی، پیش فعالی و رفتار مطلوب اجتماعی اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود نداشت (05/0P). نتیجه گیری: برگزاری جلسات حضوری و گروهی آموزش مهارت های زندگی با تاکید بر مشکلات کودکان طلاق، برای خانواده ها و کودکان در افزایش سلامت روانی کودکان آنها موثر است

Global Research Trends in Pediatrics from 1990 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis

Background: This bibliometric analysis and visualization aimed at depicting bibliometric indicators of papers published globally in pediatrics during the recent three decades. Methods: Using Web of Knowledge database, all papers published on pediatrics during 1990-2020 were retrieved. Bibliometric data on paper type, language, and publishing year, and publishing journal, country of origin, affiliated institutes, and subject areas were extracted. Using visualization techniques in VOSviewer software package, the collaboration / co-authorship networks, co-citation maps and keyword co-occurrence maps were depicted. Results: Top hot papers were mainly on childhood overweight and obesity, cerebral palsy, and body-mass index. David Isaacs, Prem Puri and Anne were the top most productive authors. Seetha Shankaran from Wayne State University, USA, ranked first in citation counts. Top publishing journals were Pediatric Research, Pediatric Blood and Cancer and Pediatrics, respectively. Highly-productive countries were the USA and UK, respectively. Among research areas, neurosciences neurology, oncology and surgery were heavily considered and had top h-indices, respectively. Five subject clusters focused on diseases, metabolism, neurology, psychiatry and immunology. These clusters cover all main research areas in the field, each with its own research methodologies and highlighted keywords. Conclusions: Global research on pediatrics found its way and ever-increasingly develops as its bibliometric indicators clearly show

Capacity building for priority setting in Farrokhshahr population

زمینه و هدف: تعیین‌ اولویت‌های پژوهشی فرآیندی‌ مهم‌ در مدیریت‌ پژوهش‌ها در تمام حوزه ها بخصوص حوزه سلامت‌ کشورها بشمار می رود که‌ اهمیت‌ آن‌ بویژه‌در زمان‌ تخصیص‌ منابع‌ محدود مالی‌ و انسانی‌ دو چندان‌ می شود. فرآیند تعیین‌ اولویت‌ها به‌ تمامی‌ کشورها در زمینه‌ طرح‌ ریزی‌ برنامه‌های‌ پژوهش‌ در حوزه‌ سلامت‌ و بسیج‌ و تخصیص‌ منابع‌ پژوهشی‌ و همچنین‌ تقویت ‌ظرفیت‌ پژوهشی‌ بومی‌ خود کمک‌ خواهد کرد. گروههای‌ ذینفعی‌ که‌ باید در فرآیند تعیین‌ اولویت‌ها شرکت‌ داده‌ شوند علاوه‌ برپژوهشگران‌ شامل‌ بهره‌ گیرندگان‌ بالقوه‌ و مردمی‌ می‌باشند که‌ از نتایج‌ پژوهش‌ تأثیر خواهند پذیرفت‌. در این مطالعه توانمند سازی مردم در تعیین اولویت های مشکلات مردم فرخشهر در استان چهار محال و بختیاری به صورت مشارکتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش بررسی: این‌ پروژه‌ یک‌ تحقیق‌ مشارکتی است که‌ در آن‌ مشکلات‌ شناسایی‌ شده‌ با روش‌ ارزیابی‌ سریع (Rapid appraisal) در شهر فرخشهر، استان‌ چهارمحال‌ و بختیاری‌ در سال‌ 83 توسط تیم توسعه فرخشهر با مشارکت معاونت پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد مورد اولویت‌ بندی‌ قرار گرفتند پس‌ از طبقه‌ بندی‌ اطلاعات‌ بدست‌ آمده‌ از نیازسنجی‌ با در نظر گرفتن‌ عوامل‌ محیطی‌، اقتصادی‌، اجتماعی‌، ساختار نهادها و مؤسسات‌ منطقه‌ و همچنین‌ شناسایی‌ عوامل‌ کند کننده‌ و مانع‌ شونده‌ و شرایط زندگی‌ و معیشتی‌ گروههای‌ مختلف‌ مردم و تعیین‌ ارتباط آن‌ با عوامل‌ فوق‌ الذکر مشکلات‌ اولویت‌ بندی‌ و تجزیه‌ و تحلیل‌ شد. در فرآیند مشارکت جامعه، پرسنل ناظر و اجرائی ابتدا هدف از تعیین اولویت هارا برای عموم شرکت کنندگان شرح دادند و تمامی نکات مبهم را روشن ساختند فرآیند مشارکت بصورت تبادل فعال مشارکت یا مشاوره که از پیشنهادات و نظرات مردم در برنامه ریزی و تصمیم گیری استفاده شود دنبال شد و در آخر تصمیم گیری در مورد تعیین اولویت ها به مردم واگذار شد کل فرآیند با مشارکت فعال اعضای تیم توسعه فرخشهر و با نظارت محققین دانشگاه که به عنوان ناظر شرکت داشتند انجام گردید. ابزارهای اولویت بندی در گروههای ذینفع شامل: ماتریس دو بعدی، دیاگرام اولویت ها، جدول تجزیه و تحلیل مشکلات، دیاگرام ون گروهها دینفع، ماتریس اختلاف و همکاری بین گروههای ذینفع بود. یافته ها: در این‌ مطالعه‌ 40 مشکل‌ مردم‌ فرخشهر شناسایی‌ و در 9 گروه طبقه‌ بندی‌ گردید: مشکلات‌ سالمندان‌، فرهنگی‌ هنری‌، عمرانی‌، ورزشی‌، زنان‌، بهداشت‌ روان‌، جوانان‌، امنیت‌ اجتماعی‌ و مشکلات‌ اشتغال طی فرآیند فوق 20 مشکل به عنوان اولویت های اول تا بیستم تعیین گردید. نهایتاَ با تجزیه و تحلیل داده های بدست آمده از ابزار های اولویت بندی، درک صحیحی از مشکلات حائز اولویت، فرصت ها، اقدامات صورت گرفته، راه حل ها و منابع بالقوه و بالفعل پیش رو برای حل مشکلات حاصل شد

Analyzing the Edge Cracked Semicircular Disc under Uniform Compressive (ECSD(UD)) Load

In this study, by employing the edge cracked semicircular disc under uniform (ECSD(UC)) and calculating the shape factor, the toughness of brittle materials under uniform compressive load has been quickly evaluated. Samples, on the loading location and the support, under angle β changing from 0 to 10 degrees, with the crack length (a) changing from 1 to 29 mm and the thickness (t) changing from 1 to 30 mm were investigated. By taking into account the simultaneous effect of thickness and crack length, a relationship for the shape factor (F) of the ECSD(UC) was presented

The effects of clofibrate on neonatal jaundice: A systematic review

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a prevalent disease that causes many complications, including kernicterus and even death. Previous studies have shown that clofibrate as an aryloxy isobutyric acid derivate can be effectively applied for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Thus, this review was carried out to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of clofibrate on neonatal jaundice. Methods: The keywords such as 'Clofibrate' in combination with 'Neonatal jaundice' or 'Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia' or 'Newborn Jaundice' were used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, after reviewing the studies, 24 papers were included in this study. Results: Results showed that the processes of albumin-bound bilirubin transfer to the hepatocytes, hepatic uptake, and storage via ligandin, hepatic conjugation via uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), conjugation into the bile via MRP2 represent the main action mechanism of clofibrate that turns it into the bilirubin conjugates and expels it from the bile. Besides, clofibrate has been shown to reduce the level of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) in infants even at a dosage of 25 mg/kg without leaving side effects. Conclusions: The results of this review revealed that clofibrate effectively reduces TSB in short-term usage and can even have a promising effect at the dosage of 25 mg/kg in full-term infants. Most studies have shown this property over a short period in term infants, and there is no evidence about long-term usage in this regard

Effect of Intravenous Fluid Adjuvant Therapy on Decreasing Serum Bilirubin during Intensive Phototherapy in Healthy Term Neonate with Severe Nonhemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Phototherapy is the most common form of treatment and prevention of neonatal nonconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It seems that intravenous fluid therapy as a complementary method of phototherapy can accelerate the healing process in affected infants. This study aimed at investigating intravenous fluid therapy's effect in decreasing serum bilirubin in healthy term neonates with nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia under intensive phototherapy. Methods: As many as 160 healthy term infants with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia and without exclusion criteria were enrolled. Infants were randomized to the two treatment groups (phototherapy alone and combination with intravenous fluid therapy). Serum bilirubin at admission time, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h later were measured. We evaluated decreasing serum bilirubin levels and duration of hospitalization in both groups. Results: In this study, the mean levels of serum bilirubin on admission time, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment gradually reduced in both groups; still, the decrease was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions: Intravenous fluids therapy does not have a significant advantage in the process of phototherapy in healthy term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia; neonatal; phototherapy

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PHYTOTHERAPIES FOR NEWBORN JAUNDICE IN IRAN

Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common diseases among neonates that may cause irreparable complications such as kernicterus. This systematic review article was conducted to report and introduce medicinal plants that are used to treat neonatal jaundice in Iranian traditional medicine. To conduct this systematic review, the terms jaundice and icterus combined with the terms ethnobotanical, ethno-medicinal plants, ethnopharmacology, phytotherapy, and Iran were used to search for potentially relevant publications in Google Scholar, and Scientific databases ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. According to ethnobotanical evidence, six plant species from five families consisting of Cotoneaster discolour, Ziziphus jujube Miller, Hordeum vulgare L., Alhagi graecorum Boiss, Fumaria parviflora, and Chicorium intybus have been more frequently reported to be used to treat neonatal jaundice in Iran on which a number of studies have been conducted. However, a combination of two or more number of these plants has been reported to be used for treating neonatal jaundice. Although the plants and their compounds cause reduction in neonatal jaundice through different mechanisms of action, they cannot be considered an independent treatment in most cases. Therefore, it is recommended to use plants and their compounds as a complementary treatment to reduce bilirubin

Comparing Intermittent and Continuous Antibiotic Administrations for the Treatment of Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a high-prevalence and dangerous urinary system disorder. So, this study was performed to investigate the comparison between intermittent and continuous administration of antibiotics for the treatment of children with VUR. Methods: In this study, 27 children with VUR referred to a nephrology clinic were included in the study. Children received cephalexin at 15 mg/kg once a day for 6 months, and after a 48-hour washout period, children received cephalexin at 15 mg/kg intermittently every other day for 6 months. Before the start of each treatment period, kidney and urinary tract ultrasounds and urine tests were performed for patients. In case of fever, dysuria, and frequent urination, urine test and culture were performed immediately, and in case of no symptoms, urine test and culture were performed monthly. Results: Out of 27 children, 4 children (14.8%) had abnormal dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) results, 18 (66.7%) had bladder reflux grade 4-5, 9 (33.3%) were less than 12 months, and 4 (14.8%) had recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). The incidences of urinary tract infection did not differ, significantly, in continuous and intermittent antibiotic treatments (p>0.05). There were no ultrasound changes after the treatment period. Conclusion: There was no difference between intermittent and continuous administrations of antibiotics in the improvement of UTI symptoms in children with VUR. Therefore, the intermittent method can be used as a method with fewer toxicity or adverse effects in the treatment of these patients due to lower doses of antibiotic administration