114 research outputs found
Fenotipska varijabilnost osobina plodnosti Äistorasnih krmaÄa u prva tri praÅ”enja
Investigation of the phenotypic variability of fertility traits was performed on Swedish Landrace sows (926 sows) deriving from single herd in Serbia. Data was processed by method of least squares (Harvey, 1990), and following fixed factors were included into the model: sire, season, litter genotype and order of farrowing, as well as regression effect of age at first farrowing, duration of lactation and number of reared (raised) piglets per litter. Traits of litter size varied (P lt 0.01) under the influence of sire and order of parities (first two parities). Number of still born as well as reared piglets per litter depended on the litter genotype (P lt 0.01). Year and season had no effect on variation of litter size traits except LWW (first two and three parities). Age of sows at first farrowing demonstrated linear effect (P lt 0.01) on size of their litter at farrowing (first three parities). Litter size and weight at weaning were under regression effect of lactation duration as well as corrected litter size (CLS) or number of weaned piglets (NW).Ispitivanje fenotipske varijabilnosti osobina plodnosti krmaÄa rase Å”vedski landras sprovedeno je u jednom zapatu svinja u Srbiji. Podaci su analizirani primenom razliÄitih modela metoda najmanjih kvadrata (Harvey, 1990), u koje su bili ukljuÄeni sledeÄi fiksni uticaji: otac, godina, sezona, genotip legla i redosled praÅ”enja, kao i regresijski uticaji uzrasta pri prvom praÅ”enju, trajanja laktacije i broja gajene prasadi u leglu. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaÄeno 926 krmaÄa i njihova 926 prva, 1598 prva dva i 2115 prva tri praÅ”enja. ProseÄna ispoljenost trajanja perioda od zaluÄenja do estrusa i oplodnje (W-E i W-C), broja živoroÄene (NBA), ukupnoroÄene (TNB), mrtvoroÄene (NSB) i odgajene prasadi (NW) kao i mase legla pri zaluÄenju (LWW) u prvom, prva dva i prva tri praÅ”enja je bila: 9.77, 8.51, 7.80; 23.77, 20.98, 19.49; 8.31, 8.91, 9.19; 8.87, 9.46, 9.78; 0.56, 0.54, 0.51; 7.57, 8.04, 8.24 i 52.43, 58.18, 61.10, respektivno. Osobine veliÄine legla su varirale (P lt 0.01) pod uticajem oca i redosleda praÅ”enja (prva dva praÅ”enja). Broj mrtvoroÄene kao i odgajene prasadi u leglu zavisili su od genotipa legla (P lt 0.01). Godina i sezona nisu uticale na variranje osobina veliÄine legla osim na LWW (prva dva i tri praÅ”enja). Uzrast krmaÄa pri prvom praÅ”enju ispoljio je linearan uticaj (P lt 0.01) na veliÄinu njihovih legala pri praÅ”enju (prva tri praÅ”enja). VeliÄina i masa legla pri zaluženju su bili pod regresijskim uticajem trajanja laktacije, korigovane veliÄine legla (CLS) ili broja odgajene prasadi (NW)
Fiksni deo modela za procenu priplodne vrednosti svinja na osnovu veliÄine legla
The goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of various fixed effects on the number of born alive piglets in litter (NBA), based on results of Swedish Landrace sow fertility on three farms in Serbia, in order to determine the best adapted model for assessing genetic parameters and breeding value. Analysis of phenotipic variability of the NBA of Swedish Landrace sows was carried out based on fertility results on three swine farms (A, B and C) in the Republic of Serbia. Data sets encompassed reproduction indicators for 2803 (A), 1826 (B) and 2235 (C) sows, i.e. their 11014, 6757 and 8452 litters, respectively. For this analysis was used fix model of least square method which includes fixed effects of farrowing number, season of conception shown as combination of year and month, litter genotype, duration of previous period from weaning to conception, effect of sow age at farrowing like quadratic regression nested within farrowing number and linear regression influence of duration of previous lactation. The average NBA was within the interval from 9.13 (A) to 9.76 piglets (B and C). The monitored trait statistically highly significantly (p lt 0.001) varied under the effect of all systematic factors encompassed by the applied model, regardless of the source of analyzed data, Only the linear regression effect of duration of previous lactation for farm B was assessed as having lower statistical significance (p lt 0.05).Cilj ovoga rada bio je da se ispita uticaj razliÄitih sistematskih faktora na variranje broja živoroÄene prasadi u leglu (BŽP) radi odreÄivanja najprilagoÄenijeg modela za ocenu genetskih parametara i procenu priplodne vrednosti krmaÄa. Analiza fenotipske varijabilnosti BŽP u leglima krmaÄa rase Å”vedski landras sprovedena je na osnovu reproduktivnih pokazatelja 2803 (farma A), 1826 (farma B) i 2235 (farma C) krmaÄa, odnosno njihovih 11014, 6757 i 8452 legala, respektivno. KoriÅ”Äen je fiksni model metoda najmanjih kvadrata u koga su bili ukljuÄeni uticaj praÅ”enja po redu, sezone uspeÅ”nog pripusta, genotipa legla, trajanja perioda zaluÄenje - oplodnja, kvadratni regresijski uticaj starosti krmaÄe pri praÅ”enju ugnježÄen u okviru praÅ”enja po redu i linearni regresijski uticaj trajanja prethodne laktacije. ProseÄan BŽP se kretao u intervalu od 9.13 (A) do 9.76 (B i C). Svi determinisani uticaji obuhvaÄeni modelom su ispoljili statistiÄki vrlo visoko znaÄajan uticaj (p lt 0.001) na variranje BŽP nezavisno od toga koji set podataka je bio analiziran, osim uticaja trajanja prethodne laktacije na farmi B koji je bio ocenjen kao statistiÄki znaÄajan (p lt 0.05)
Uticaj obima analiziranih podataka na taÄnost selekcijskih indeksa za procenu priplodne vrednosti krmaÄa
Objective of this paper was to establish to what extent the accuracy of constructed selection indices will be changed depending on the scope of analyzed data relating to fertility based on which parameters necessary for construction of selection indices (SI) were established. Fertility results of Swedish Landrace sows obtained on three farms in Republic of Serbia (farms 1, 2 and 3) were analyzed. Parameters necessary for construction of SI were determined by application of different mixed models of the method of Least Squares. For each farm three SI were constructed for evaluation of sow breeding value based on realized fertility in the way that parameters necessary for SI construction were calculated based on fertility results in the first (SI1), first two (SI2) and first three farrowings (SI3). Accuracy of constructed Sis varied within following limits - from low rIH = 0.255 (SI3 for Farm 2) to rIH = 0.405 (SI1 for Farm 3), and only in the case of SI2 for Farm 2 it was in the category of very low (rIH = 0.231). Introduction into analysis of fertility results realized in the second and third farrowing resulted in decrease of accuracy of constructed selection indices.U ovom radu rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je taÄnost selekcijskih indeksa konstruisanih na osnovu parametara ocenjenih analizom rezultata plodnosti (BŽP i BOP) ostvarenih na posmatranim farmama bila od rIH = 0.255 (SI3 za Farmu 2) do rIH = 0.405 (SI1 za Farmu 3), a samo je u sluÄaju SI2 za Farmu 2 bila u kategoriji jako slabe (rIH = 0.231). PoveÄanje obima analiziranih rezultata plodnosti dovelo je do smanjenja taÄnosti SI
Uticaj obima analiziranih podataka na vrednost koeficijenata heritabiliteta osobina veliÄine legla svinja
Low heritability of pig litter size traits at birth (number of live born piglets - LBP and total born piglets - TBP) and weaning (number of reared piglets - RP) is one of the major problems in their genetic improvement. The effect of selection is directly proportional to trait heritability and inversely proportional to the duration of generation interval. Objective of this study was to establish presence of difference in regard to heritability coefficient values of observed traits, as well as their accuracy depending on the size of data used in the analysis. Heritability coefficients in this study were calculated based on fertility results obtained for Swedish Landrace sows on three pig farms (farms 1, 2 and 3) in the Republic of Serbia. Observed traits - LBP, TBP and RP on farms 1, 2 and 3 were analyzed in the first (2422, 1677 and 2015 litters), in the first two (4190, 2897 and 3377 litters), in the first three (5576, 3809 and 4425 litters) and all available parities (9538, 6340 and 7750 litters) by applying the adequate mixed model of the Least square method. Heritability of LBP calculated based on fertility realized in the first partus ranged from 5.6 to 16.4 %, TBP ranged from 7.0 to 16.8 % and RP ranged from 3.4 to 7.7 %. Introduction into the analysis of the results pertaining to the second, third and subsequent parities lead mainly to detection of lower values of heritability coefficients for observed traits.U ovom radu rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su koeficijenti heritabiliteta BŽP izraÄunati na osnovu plodnosti ostvarene u prvom praÅ”enju bili u intervalu od 5,6 do 16,4 %, BUP u intervalu od 7,0 do 16,8 % i BOP u intervalu od 3,4 do 7,7 %. UvoÄenje u analizu rezultata plodnosti drugog, treÄeg i svih ostalih praÅ”enja dovelo je uglavnom do utvrÄivanja nižih vrednosti koeficijenata heritabiliteta posmatranih osobina
GenetiÄki resursi u svinjarstvu - osobine kvaliteta polutki rase moravka i mangulica
Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of carcass quality traits of pigs of Moravka and Mangalitsa breeds. Quantity and content of meat was determined based on Regulation (1985) and dissection of right carcass sides. Obtained data was processed using Least Squares Method (Harvey, 1990). Results of the investigation show that Moravka had in average higher quantity and content of meat in carcass sides than Mangalitsa. Shares of muscle, fat tissue, skin and bone tissue in pig carcass sides of Moravka breed, determined by dissection were: 32.91; 34.94 and 7.70%.Rezultati ispitivanja osobina kvaliteta polutki svinja pokazuju da su grla rase moravka imala za 11.76 odnosno 6.02 cm duže polutke od belog soja mangulica. LeÄna slanina u mangulice bila je deblja (za 13.6 do 23.6 mm) nego kod moravke. Na osnovu Pravilnika (1985) je ustanovljeno da je moravka imala proseÄno veÄu koliÄinu (+3.22 kg) i sadržaj mesa (+ 5.15%) u polutkama od mangulice (P lt 0.01). ProseÄne vrednosti povrÅ”ine m.l.d.P nisu bile statistiÄki znaÄajno razliÄite izmeÄu moravke i mangulice. PovrÅ”ina slanine koja pripada miÅ”iÄu (PSm.l.d.) utvrÄena u mangulice, bila je za 35.14cm2 (P lt 0.001) veÄa nego kod moravke. Tako da je odnos meso:mast kod moravke 1:1.865 a mangulice 1:3.330. Udeo miÅ”iÄnog, masnog tkiva i kože i koÅ”tanog tkiva u polutkama svinja rase moravka, utvrÄen na osnovu disekcije, je bio: 32.91; 34.94 i 7.70%
Uticaj proizvodnih osobina u direktnom testu nazimica na varijabilnost njihovih reproduktivnih osobina kao prvopraskinja
Objective of this paper was to establish genetic and environmental factors which influence the variation of reproductive parameters in primiparous sows with special focus on how selection on growth traits and lean meat content can influence the fertility in gilts as primiparous sows. Investigation included 1092 primiparous sows of Swedish Landrace breed. Production traits of gilts in direct test were previously adjusted to body weight of 100 kg, and subsequently they were grouped in 4 classes based on standard deviations for each of adjusted production trait. For analysis of data several models of the Least Squares Method were used (Harvey, 1990). Sires influenced the variation of age at first conception, litter size at birth and weaning and period weaning-conception of their daughters (P (lt) 0.001 to P (lt) 0.05). Age at first conception, number of live born piglets and total born piglets varied statistically significantly (P (lt) 0.001 to P (lt) 0.05) by the influence of adjusted lifetime average daily gain, but not under the influence of adjusted back fat thickness and lean meat content.OÄevi su uticali na variranje uzrasta pri prvoj oplodnji, veliÄinu legla pri roÄenju i zaluÄenju i perioda zaluÄenje-oplodnja svojih kÄeri (P (lt) 0.001 do P (lt) 0.05). Uzrast pri prvoj oplodnji, broj živoroÄene i ukupno roÄene prasadi su statistiÄki znaÄajno varirali (P (lt) 0.001 do P (lt) 0.05) pod uticajem korigovanog proseÄnog životnog dnevnog prirasta ali ne i korigovane debljine leÄne slanine i mesnatosti
Polymeric Impregnation Influence on Diffuse Reflection as the Main Characteristic for Determination of Camouflage Protection Properties of Military Textiles
There are two important features that have a significance when the camouflage protection abilities are in question. First, dyeing of the material and everything related to process of dying and the influence of the material impregnation which is most commonly used to improve physical and mechanical properties of textile. In our initial research, we examined influence of textile impregnation on the value of diffuse reflection within visible and near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Some questions arose and we continued that initial research. The aim of this paper is to try to give answers on those questions. In the experiment polyamide cloth samples dyed with specific camouflage dyes and impregnated with polyurethane (pu) and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (csm) were used. Spectral reflection measurements in the wavelength area from 400 nm to 1000 nm were performed for the light green, beige green, dark green, brown and black tone for impregnated as well as for non-impregnated samples. The measurements were conducted using the uv/vis/nir spectrophotometer uv 3600 from a japanese manufacturer shimadzu with an integrating sphere. The measurement uncertainty was 2% and the uv probe programme package was used. This first experiment showed that impregnation affects the value of diffuse reflection, therefore further tests have been conducted. Here, we present results of the scanning electron microscope (sem) analysis. Samples were analyzed using jeol jsm-6610 in lv (low vacuum) mode and a voltage of 15 kv was applied, for same types of samples and same shades. The results did not show great difference between samples. Regarding the values of diffuse reflection, however, we still need to find a way to explain obtained differences so further tests will be performed such as ftir or eds
Bioindicative values of microfungi in starch and possible deficiencies of the new Serbian regulation on food hygiene
The results of tests on the presence of yeasts and molds in cornstarch [AD āIPOKā Zrenjanin, 2007-2008, made at the time when previous Regulations were valid] were analyzed in terms of bioindicative values of microfungi as indicators of quality and safety of raw material or final food products. Microbiological analysis was used to detect the presence of a number of microorganisms MMI-0001, and a questionnaire was designed at the Department of Public Health in Zrenjanin town (Republic of Serbia), where the analĀyses were done, regarding the microbiological tests on starch. In order to rationalize the analyses and make them more economical, several areas of product quality control (water, food, raw materials, space) were recommended either to be excluded or regarded as optional. Thus, analysis of presence of microfungi as indicators of product quality was categorized as optional. The results obtained from this research suggest a different conclusion because the bacteria in the samples indicated Ė®microbiologicallyā, namely bacteriologically, safe samples of food, while, on the contrary, the presence of some microfungi as distinct xerophilous or xerotolerant microorganisms, indicated that the food was mycologically non-safe. The obtained data are crucial for questioning the decision to exclude the earlier required (mycological) analysis of the samples (in the production of starch, or end products, etc.) and categorize such analyses in new Regulations as optional, depending on the manufacturerās preference. Bioindicative values of microfungi as indicators of the quality of starch, clearly point to the shortsightedness of the new Regulations on food hygiene and safety, where tests on certain microorganisms (in this case, yeasts and molds) are not legally defined as mandatory, but the Law leaves manufacturers a possibility to choose (or not to choose) the testing and frequency of testing on the presence (absence) of microorganisms, which can be risky, both in the production and marketing of the finial products. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI-179079
GenetiÄki resursi u svinjarstvu - Moravka
Objective of the paper was to present characteristics of native/autochthonous pig breed Moravka, reared in the previous century, as well as results relating to activities such as collection, selection, identification and production performance of investigated heads in 2004. Moravka is one of three pig breeds in Serbia included in the programme of preservation of animal genetic resources.U naÅ”oj zemlji su evidentirane tri autohtone rase svinja: mangulica, moravka i resavka. Moravka i resavka su dve autohtone rase svinja koje su u opasnosti da nestanu, te su obuhvaÄene programom oÄuvanja i održivog koriÅ”Äenja. U radu su prikazane karakteristike autohtone rase svinja moravka gajene u proÅ”lom veku (Tabela 1 i 2) kao i rezultati rada na sakupljanju, odabiranju, identifikaciji i proizvodnim osobinama grla rase moravka od 2004. godine (Tabela 3 i 4). ProseÄna telesna masa krmaÄa (u jednom zapatu) starosti od 3 do 5 godina, bila je 77,67 kg a visina grebena 63,83 cm. KrmaÄe su oprasile proseÄano 7,20 prasadi sa variranjem od 5 do 14. U tovu od 31,92 do 94,33 kg proseÄan dnevni prirast je bio 385g/dan a konverzija hrane 3,74 kg kukuruza za kilogram prirasta telesne mase. ProseÄan dnevni prirast je bio najveÄi izmedju 3. i 4. merenja (514 g/dan) Å”to odgovara uzrastu od 253 do 283 dana
Uticaj rase, oca i pola na kvalitet polutki svinja
Investigation of quality variability of pig carcass was carried out on 1443 fatlings (gilts and barrows). They were progenies of 22 (Farm A) and 12 sires (Farm B), 5 breeds-crossbreds (Swedish Landrace, Large White, Duroc Hampshire, Duroc x Hampshire). Animals were fed with standardized feed mixture semi ad libitum. The quality of carcass sides was determined on the slaughter-line according to Regulation (1985). Investigation included following traits: weight of warm carcass (MTP, kg), meat in carcass sides (KMP, kg and SMP, %), total mass and ratio of leg+shoulder+loin (MFO, kg and UFO, %). Obtained results were processed using several models (Harvey, 1990) which included sire genotype, sire, sex progeny and mass of warm carcass (regression effect). All investigated traits varied under the influence of sire genotype (P lt 0.01) on farm B. The effect of sire genotype was significant (P lt 0.01) on KMP and SMP on the Farm A. All traits of carcass quality varied under the influence of sires. Gilts had higher KMP, SMP, MFO and UFO compared to male castrated heads. Difference in Total Breeding Value between best and worst boar was 10.41 (Farm A) and 11.24 index point (Farm B).Ispitivanje uticaja genetskih i negenetskih faktora (genotip oca, otac i pol) na osobine kvaliteta polutki, obavljeno je u 1443 tovljenika koji su vodili poreklo od 5 genotipova oÄeva. Tovljenici su proizvedeni na dve farme svinja (farma A i B). Dobijeni podaci su obraÄeni metodom najmanjih kvadrata (Harvey,1990). ProseÄna masa toplih polutki tovljenika sa farme A i B je bila 85,78 i 82,59 kg. Genotip oÄeva uticao je (P lt 0,01) na variranje svih ispitivanih osobina potomaka na farmi B. MeÄutim, na farmi A genotip oÄeva nije uticao (P>0,05) na variranje dnevnog prirasta toplih polutki, ukupnu masu i udeo francuske obrade polutki. Ostale ispitivane osobine (DSL+DSK KMP i SMP) su varirale (P lt 0,01) izmeÄu genotipova nerasta. Takodje, oÄevi su uticali na variranje osobina svojih potomaka. Nisu ustanovljena statistiÄki znaÄajna variranja samo osobine DPP izmeÄu ženskih i muÅ”kih kastriranih grla (P>0,05). Sve osobine kvaliteta trupa zavisile su od mase toplih polutki (P lt 0,01). Razlika UPV izmeÄu najboljeg i najloÅ”ijeg nerasta na farmi A je bila 10,41 a na farmi B je bila 11,24 indeksnih poena
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