Humanizam i humanizmi: (Ra)stezanje pojma

U ovom radu autori nastoje da ponude pregled različitih učenja koja se svrstavaju pod kapu humanizma. Mada se rad prevashodno usredsređuje na humani- stičke doktrine, teoriju humanizma često nije jednostavno razlučiti od huma- nizma u praksi, te će svakako biti referisano na različite praktične programe humanizma. I u jednom i u drugom slučaju ispostavlja se da je humanizam toliko razuđen, ako ne i bezobalan pojam, da je možda uputnije govoriti o humanizmima, u množini. Iako jedan pregledni članak ne može da predoči podrobnu i sveobuhvatnu istoriju (ideje) humanizma i sve varijacije kroz koje je on prošao i prolazi kod svojih značajnih zastupnika, autori veruju da čitaocima može pružiti osnov za razumevanje i okvir za dalja istraživanja i promišljanja humanizma/humanizama.In this paper, the authors have offered an overview of various teachings that fall under the umbrella of humanism. Although the paper primarily focuses on the humanist doctrine, it is often not easy to distinguish the theory of humanism from humanism in practice. In both cases, it turns out that humanism is such a wide-ranging concept that perhaps it is instructive to talk about humanisms instead. Although a single review article cannot present a detailed and comprehensive history of (the idea of) humanism and all the variations it has gone through, the authors believe that this work can provide readers with a basis for understanding and a framework for further research and reflection on humanism/humanisms

Thoracic electrical bioimpedance theory and clinical possibilities in perioperative medicine

This article is a short review of thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) theory and clinical capabilities. Cardiac output measurement is used primarily to guide therapy in complex, critically ill patients. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance is one of several noninvasive techniques that have been investigated to measure cardiac output and other hemodynamic parameters. Opinions in current literature continue to be conflicting as to the utility of thoracic electrical bioimpedance to that purpose. There is a limited number of good designed studies but they imply TEB is an accurate and reliable noninvasive method for determining cardiac output/cardiac index and it would be valuable for patients and circumstances in which intracardiac pressures and mixed venous blood samples are not necessary

Opportunities of Solid Renewable Fuels for (Co-)Combustion with Coal in Power Plants in Serbia

In the process of accession to the EU, Republic of Serbia will be obliged to achieve an appropriate share of renewable sources in primary energy consumption in addition to control the emission of carbon dioxide in order to comply with EUs energy policy. In this paper the potential of the production of the so called green electricity from biomass and waste in Republic of Serbia is shown with particular attention to the Electric Power Industry of Serbia, as the largest potential producer of electricity from renewable fuels. Based both on the available total quantity and heating value of non-hazardous solid waste material (municipal and industrial), the calculation of the total available energy potential of waste in Republic of Serbia (by regions) was performed for the state of the 2010th and the projections of waste quantity growth until 2020th. Also, for the same time period, the available amount of waste biomass suitable for (co-)combustion with coal was estimated, as the respective energy potential. The possible energy effects of (co-)combustion in power plants as well as reduced emissions of CO2 with significant financial impact are demonstrated. Actually, this paper demonstrates necessity and techno-economic justification (co-)combustion of renewable fuel with coal in thermal power plants in Serbia

Investigation of Pressure Pulsations in the Furnace and Flue Gas Tract of the Pulverized Coal Combustion Utility Boiler

The paper presents new experimental method developed and new measuring system developed and installed into flame-gas tract of utility boiler. Investigations have been performed at the steam boiler of unit 2 at TPP Ptolemais. Ptolemais, Greece. which suffered from very unstable combustion and great pressure oscillations Experimental method. based on high-speed acquisition system. was developed and used for detection of pressure oscillations and determination of the origin of boiler unstable operation. Signals were obtained from piezoelectric pressure sensors located along the flame-gas tract of the steam boiler and time and frequency domain analysis were used for post processing of collected data. Investigations of the pressure oscillations in boiler gas tract have contributed to reveal origin of the boiler unstable operation. and have been of the great help in establishing proper boiler operatio

Numerical simulation of the influence of stationary louver and coal particle size on distribution of pulverized coal to the feed ducts of a power plant burner

One of the key requirements related to successful utilization of plasma technology as an oil-free backup system for coal ignition and combustion stabilization in power plant boilers is provision of properly regulated pulverized coal distribution to the feed ducts leading the fuel mixture to a burner. Proper regulation of coal distribution is deemed essential for achieving an adequate pulverized coal concentration in the zone where thermal plasma is being introduced The said can be efficiently achieved by installation of stationary louver in the coal-air mixing duct ahead of the feed ducts of a burner. The paper addresses numerical simulation of a two-phase flow of air-pulverized coal mixture in the mixing ducts, analysing the effects of particle size distribution on pulverized coal distribution to the burner feed ducts. Numerical simulation was performed rising the FLUENT 63 commercial code and related poly-dispersed flow module, based on the PSI-CELL approach. Numerical experiments have been performed assuming a mono-dispersed solid phase with particle diameter ranging from 45 mu m to 1200 mu m. Distance between the louver blades and the resulting effect on the flow profile was analysed as well. Results obtained indicate that the size of coal particles considerably influence the overall solid phase distribution. While fine particles, with diameters at the louver end of the above specified range, almost fully follow the streamlines of the continuous phase, coarser particles, which hit the louver blades, deflect towards the thermal plasma zone. In this manner, a desired phase concentration in the considered zone can be reached For the said reason, installation of stationary louver have been deemed a very efficient way to induce phase separation, primarily due to more pronounced impact of the installed louver on discrete phase flow then the impact on the flow of the continuous phase

Optimizing LRU Caching for Variable Document Sizes

We analyze a class of randomized Least-Recently-Used (LRU) cache replacement algorithms under the independent reference model with generalized Zipf's law request probabilities. The randomization was recently proposed for Web caching as a mechanism that discriminates between different document sizes. In particular, the cache maintains an ordered list of documents in the following way. When a document of size s is requested and found in the cache, then with probability p s it is moved to the front of the cache; otherwise the cache stays unchanged. Similarly, if the requested document of size s is not found in the cache, the algorithm places it with probability p s to the front of the cache or leaves the cache unchanged with the complementary probability (1 p s ). The successive randomized decisions are independent and the corresponding success probabilities p s are completely determined by the size of the currently requested document. In the case of a replacement, the necessary number of documents that are least recently moved to the front of the cache are removed in order to accommodate the newly placed document

Basic pulmonary function tests in pig farmers

INTRODUCTION Many epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated an increased risk for the symptoms of respiratory disorders consistent with chronic bronchitis and asthma and alterations of pulmonary function tests in pig farmers. AIM The aim of this study was to determine basic pulmonary function values in workers in swine confinement buildings and to compare them with the same values in the control group of unexposed persons. The next aim was to examine the association between these values with duration of professional exposure, cigarette smoking, age, and sex of the examined persons. METHODS We randomly selected for examination 145 workers of both sex who had worked for at least 2 previous years in pig farms and spent at least 3 hours per day, 6 days per week in a swine confinement building. The farmers worked at 6 different farms with 12,383 pigs on average on each farms. The subject was eligible for the study if he had had no history of atopic disease nor any serious chronic disease, and no acute respiratory infection within 3 previous months. As control group we examined 156 subjects who had lived and/or worked in the same areas and had had no history of exposure to farming environment or any other known occupational air pollutants. In both groups the study comprised cigarette smokers and persons who had never smoked. Pulmonary function data were collected according to the standard protocol with a Micro Spirometer, (Micro Medical Ltd, England, UK). The registered parameters were FEV1 and FVC At least three satisfactory forced maximal expirations were performed by each subject and the best value was accepted for analyses. The results were also expressed as a percentage of predicted values and FEV1/FVCxlOO was calculated. RESULTS There were no differences in the main demographic characteristics between two examined groups (Table1). Mean duration of work in pig farming was 11.6 years (SD=8.5; range 2-40). The average values of examined pulmonary function tests are shown in table 2. The values of FEV1 and FVC in each groups were between 92% and 97% of predicted values, and FEV1/FVCx100 was not lower than 82%. There were no differences in the average values of FEV1 (p=0.574) and FEV1 % predicted (p=0.653) between pig farmers and control subjects. Pearson coefficient of correlation and Spearman nonparametric correlation test revealed a high level of correlation of FEV1 values with sex and age and no correlation of pig farming exposure with cigarette smoking as predictor variables (Table 3). The analysis by linear regression method showed that all examined predictor variables had the effect on the value of FEV1 (Table 4). After the elimination of the two least significant predictor variables it was possible to make the equation for prediction of FEV1 values. DISCUSSION In the present study there are no significant alterations in the values of the basic pulmonary function tests in pig farmers. In the majority of previous similar studies the differences in the average values of FEV1 and FVC between pig farmers and control subjects were also not found. However, in some studies the alterations in several more specific lung function parameters were registered. The decreased values of FEV1 during workshift were also found and they are probably connected to the bronchial hyper reactivity registered in many studies in pig farmers. Longer exposure to swine confinement environment caused more decline in FEV1 and FVC and accelerated mean age-related annual decline in FEV1 was observed reaching to 44 ml/yrs more than expected. The correlations between values of FEV, with pig farming exposure and cigarette smoking in this study were not found. However, the analysis by linear regression method showed that all examined predictor variables had the effect on the value of FEV1. In a few previous bronchoscopic, BAL, and sputum studies some signs of inflammation and morphological changes of the respiratory tract were observed. The absence of important alterations in the basic spirometric measures in this and the majority of the previous studies suggests that early airway injuries may not be readily apparent using spirometric measures of lung function. CONCLUSION In contrast to other world studies, our study comprised an important number of women farmers, but alterations associated to sex were not found. To asses the lung function in these pig farmers after several years may be of great importance