Ispitivanja urodinamskih disfunkcija kod bolesnika sa multiplom sklerozom

Background/Aim. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the unknown origin leading to multifocal demyelization, axonal damage and the loss of the nervous tissue in various parts of the central nervous system. Most MS patients have decreased functionality of the bladder leading to various dysuria disorders during the course of the illness. However, in 2% of the cases dysuric problems are the first symptoms of the disease. Urodynamic testing could help to diagnose functional disorders of the lower urinary tract, which might not be otherwise possible by performing the standard invasive procedures or noninvasive scans, such us ultrasound, computed tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods. Urodynamic testing - cystometry with electromyographic (EMG) potentials from the external anal sphincter (EAS), was performed in 34 patients (25 female and 9 male patients). Those patients fulfilled Mc Donald's multiple sclerosis criteria. The urodynamic values were compared to neurological signs and the present disease symptoms. Results. The MS patients with (27) and without (7) miction problems were tested. Detrusor hyperreflexia is the most common finding, present in 58.8% of the cases. More than a half of the patients have detrusor sphincter dissynergia. Conclusions. Urodynamic testing helps us to determine neurological disorders characteristics and to prepare an appropriate treatment plan. During the course of the disease different urodynamic disfunctions may occur as well as changes in the urinating functionality. The rationale for urodynamic testing in patients suffering from MS before any other treatment procedure is to confirm the diagnosis of dysuric disorders and to secure appropriate treatment.Uvod/Cilj. Multipla skleroza (MS) je hronično zapaljensko autoimuno oboljenje nepoznate etiologije koje dovodi do multifokalne demijelinizacije, oštećenja aksona i gubitka nervnog tkiva u različitim delovima centralnog nervnog sistema. Većina bolesnika sa multiplom sklerozom ima i poremećenu funkciju mokraćne bešike koja dovodi do različitih dizuričnih smetnji tokom trajanja bolesti. Samo kod 2% bolesnika ove smetnje su prvi simptom bolesti. Urodinamsko ispitivanje omogućava nam da postavimo dijagnozu funkcionalnih poremećaja donjeg urinarnog trakta, što uobičajenim invazivnim procedurama ili neinvazivnim snimanjima (ultrazvuk, kompjuterizovana tomografija ili funkcionalna magnetna rezonanca) često nije moguće ustanoviti. Metode. Urodinamsko ispitivanje - cistometrija i registrovanje elektromiografskih (EMG) potencijala sa spoljašnjeg analnog sfinktera (SAS) urađeno je kod 34 bolesnika (25 žena i 9 muškaraca), koji ispunjavaju Mc Donaldove dijagnostičke kriterijume za multiplu sklerozu. Dobijene vrednosti su upoređivane sa neurološkom simptomatologijom i znacima bolesti. Rezultati. Ispitivani su bolesnici sa (n = 27) i bez (n = 7) mikcionih tegoba. Hiperrefleksija detrusor bila je najčešći nalaz, prisutan čak kod 58,8% bolesnika. Više od polovine ovih bolesnika imalo je detrusor-sfinkter disinergiju. Zaključak. Urodinamsko ispitivanje može pomoći da se utvrde postojeći neurourološki poremećaji i na osnovu njih planira sprovođenje odgovarajućeg terapijskog plana. Tokom trajanja bolesti mogu se ustanoviti različiti oblici urodinamskih nalaza disfunkcije, kao i promena funkcije mokrenja. Razlog za sprovođenje urodinamskog ispitivanja kod bolesnika sa MS pre svake terapije bio bi postavljanje jasne dijagnoze dizuričnih poremećaja koja bliže određuje pravilnu i adekvatnu terapiju

Assessment of gait in patients with fibromyalgia during motor and cognitive dual task walking: a cross-sectional study

Background: The aim of the study was to assess gait pattern of patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) while performing demanding motor and/or cognitive dual tasks while walking. Further, idea was to explore possible correlations of dual task gait pattern alterations to patients’ functional status and presence or absence of clinical symptoms associated with FM. Methods: Twenty-four female FM patients and 24 healthy female subjects performed a basic walking task, a dual motor, a dual mental (cognitive) and a combined, dual motor and cognitive task simultaneously. Quantitative spatial (stride length) and temporal (cycle time, swing time and double support time) gait parameters were measured using GAITRite walkway system and their variability was assessed. Patients underwent clinical examination including assessment of functional status, pain and fatigue level, psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. Results: The motor, cognitive and combined dual tasks affect gait performance in FM patients. Difference in tasks between FM and healthy subjects was found as double support time prolongation. Comparison of tasks showing that cycle time in FM was longer than controls and stride length was shorter in patients for all conditions, while no changes were found in any of the gait parameters variability. Further, mental/cognitive dual tasks had a larger effect than motor tasks. Correlations were also found between depression and functional status of the patients and the gait parameters. Conclusions: Gait is affected in FM patients while dual task walking. No changes in stride-to-stride variability point that patients preserve stability in complex walking situations. Analysis of gait may provide additional information for the FM identification based on presence of clinical features and cognitive status. Correlation of dual task gait alterations with occurrence of clinical symptoms and influence of cognitive changes on gait pattern could additionally define FM subgroups

Promene ekscitabilnosti motorne kore udružene sa zamorom mišića kod obolelih od Parkinsonove bolesti

Background/Aim. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a standard technique for noninvasive assessment of changes in central nervous system excitability. The aim of this study was to examine changes in responses to TMS in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) during sustained submaximal isometric voluntary contraction [60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] of the adductor pollicis muscle, as well as during a subsequent recovery period. Methods. Cortical excitability was tested by single TMS pulses of twice of the motor threshold intensity applied over the vertex. Testing was carried out during the sustained contraction phase every 10 s before and every 5 s after the endurance point, as well as at rest and during brief 60% MVC contractions before (control), immediately after the sustained contraction, and at 5 min intervals during the recovery period. Results. Although the PD patients could sustain the contraction at the required level for as long period of time as the healthy subjects (though contraction level subsided more rapidly after the endurance point), effects of muscle fatigue on the responses to TMS were different. In contrast to the findings observed in the healthy people where motor evoked potentials (MEP) and EMG silent period (SP) in fatigued muscle gradually diminished during contraction up to the endurance point, and increased thereafter, in the majority of patients no changes occurred in MEP size (peak and area) of the adductor pollicis muscle, either before or after the endurance point. On the other hand, changes in the SP of this muscle differed among the subjects, showing a gradual increase, a decrease or no changes in duration. The trends of changes in both MEP size and SP duration in the musculus brachioradialis varied among the tested PD patients, without any consistent pattern, which was in contrast with the findings in the healthy people where both measures showed a gradual increase from the beginning of the sustained contraction. A complete dissociation between changes in MEP and SP during fatigue was also of note, which differed sharply from the findings in the healthy people in who fatigue induced changes in these measures followed identical patterns. Conclusion. These results in the PD patients suggest the presence of impairment and/or compensatory changes in mechanisms responsible for adaptation of voluntary drive as well as for matching between cortical excitation and inhibition which become manifest in demanding motor tasks such as those imposed by muscle fatigue.Uvod/Cilj. Transkranijalna magnetna stimulacija (TMS) je standardna tehnika za neinvazivnu procenu promena ekscitabilnosti centralnog nervnog sistema. Cilj rada je bio da se prikažu promene odgovora na TMS kod obolelih od Parkinsonove bolesti (PB) za vreme trajanja submaksimalne voljne izometrijske kontrakcije [60% maksimalne voljne kontrakcije (MVK)] mišića adductor pollicis, kao i tokom perioda oporavka. Metode. Kortikalna ekscitabilnost testirana je TMS pulsevima dvostruko većeg intenziteta od motornog praga. Testiranje je vršeno za vreme održavanja kontrakcije na svakih 10 s do tačke izdržljivosti i na svakih 5 s posle toga, a, takođe, u miru kao i za vreme kratkotrajnih 60% MVK u periodu pre (kontrola), neposredno posle održavanja kontrakcije, i u intervalima od pet minuta za vreme perioda oporavka. Rezultati. Iako su bolesnici sa PB mogli da održavaju zahtevani nivo kontrakcije jednako dugo kao i zdravi ispitanici (mada je nivo opadao brže nakon tačke izdržljivosti), efekti mišićnog zamora na odgovor izazvan TMS-om bili su različiti. Za razliku od zdravih ispitanika kod kojih se motorni evocirani potencijali (MEP) i trajanje perioda EMG tišine (PT) u zamaranom mišiću postepeno smanjuju tokom kontrakcije do tačke izdržljivosti, a zatim rastu, kod većine bolesnika nije došlo do promena veličine (maksimalna amplituda i površina) MEP mišića adductor pollicis, bilo pre ili posle tačke izdržljivosti. S druge strane, promene PT ovog mišića su se razlikovale među ispitanicima, pokazujući bilo postepeno povećanje, smanjenje ili odsustvo promena. Promene kako amplitude MEP tako i trajanje PT u EMG mišića brahioradialisa varirale su među bolesnicima sa PB, bez nekog dominantnog obrasca, po čemu su se, takođe, razlikovale od promena nađenih kod zdravih ispitanika, kod kojih su se oba parametra postepeno povećavala od početka održavanja tonične kontrakcije. Upadljiva je, takođe, i potpuna disocijacija između promena MEP i PT tokom zamora, što je u oštroj suprotnosti sa nalazom kod zdravih ispitanika gde su promene ovih parametara pratile identičan obrazac. Zaključak. Rezultati kod bolesnika sa PB ukazuju na postojanje oštećenja i/ili kompenzatornih promena mehanizmima odgovornih za adaptaciju voljne pobude i usklađivanja kortikalne eksitacije i inhibicije, koji se manifestuju tokom mišićnog zamora i u drugim zahtevnim motornim zadacima

Kvalitet života i depresija starih osoba koje se bave fizičkom aktivnošću

Backgroung/Aim. Since the number of elderly persons is gradually increasing worldwide, there is a need to identify the factors that affect the quality of healthy ageing. On the other hand, depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in the elderly and one of the most serious health problems that modern society is facing. Considering the importance of physical activity for healthy ageing, the question is whether there are differences in quality of life and depression in the elderly in relation to the certain characteristics of physical activities practicing. Methods. Differences in the quality of life and occurrence of depression in elderly were examined in relation to duration of a single training session and frequency of physical activities per week. This non-experimental, descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study involved a total of 188 persons aged 65-84 years, where 90 persons are engaged in a physical activity while 98 persons are not. The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used. Results. Statistically significant difference was found in the following domains of quality of life: health, social relationships and psychological and emotional well-being as well as in the total score of quality of life and in the occurrence of depression. The highest values of quality of life and the lowest level of depression manifestation were observed in the group of persons whose single training session lasted for 60 minutes, and in the group of persons engaged in a physical activity twice a week. Conclusion. The main finding indicates that the differences in the duration of a single training session and the frequency of physical activities per week reflect on the overall quality of life, individual domains of quality of life and the occurrence of depression in the elderly persons.Uvod/Cilj. S obzirom na to da se poslednjih decenija broj starih osoba u svetu postepeno povećava, postoji potreba za pronalaženjem faktora koji utiču na kvalitet zdravog starenja. S druge strane, depresija je najčešći psihijatrijski poremećaj kod starih osoba i jedan od najozbiljnijih zdravstvenih problema sa kojima se savremeno društvo suočava. Razmatrajući značaj fizičke aktivnosti za zdravo starenje, postavlja se pitanje da li postoje razlike u kvalitetu života i pojavi depresije kod starih osoba u odnosu na određene karakteristike bavljenja fizičkim aktivnostima. Metode. Razlike u kvalitetu života i pojavi depresije kod starih osoba su ispitane u odnosu na trajanje pojedinačnog treninga i učestalost bavljenja fizičkim aktivnostima na nedeljnom nivou. U ovoj neeksperimentalnoj, deskriptivnoj i komparativnoj studiji poprečnog preseka učestvovalo je 188 osoba starosti od 65 do 84 godina života, i to 90 osoba koje se bave i 98 osoba koje se ne bave fizičkom aktivnošću. Primenjene su Skala kvaliteta života starih ljudi i Gerijatrijska skala depresije. Rezultati. Statistički značajna razlika uočena je u sledeć im domenima kvaliteta života: zdravlje, socijalni odnosi i psihičko i emocionalno blagostanje, kao i u ukupnom skoru kvaliteta života i pojavi depresije. Najviše vrednosti kvaliteta života i najniži stepen ispoljavanja depresije zabeleženi su u grupi osoba čiji pojedinačni trening trajao je 60 minuta ili koji su vežbali dva puta nedeljno. Zaključak. Glavni nalaz ove studije pokazuje da se razlike u trajanju pojedinačnog treninga i u učestalosti bavljenja fizičkim aktivnostima na nedeljnom nivou odražavaju na ukupan kvalitet života, na pojedine domene kvaliteta života i na pojavu depresije kod starijh osoba

Repetitivna transkranijalna magnetna stimulacija kao adjuvantna metoda u lečenju depresije - početna iskustva

Introduction Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a method of brain stimulation which is increasingly used in both clinical practice and research. Up-to-date studies have pointed out a potential antidepressive effect of rTMS, but definitive superiority over placebo has not yet been confirmed. Objective The aim of the study was to examine the effect of rTMS as an adjuvant treatment with antidepressants during 18 weeks of evaluation starting from the initial application of the protocol. Methods Four patients with the diagnosis of moderate/severe major depression were included in the study. The protocol involved 2000 stimuli per day (rTMS frequency of 10 Hz, intensity of 120% motor threshold) administered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 15 days. Subjective and objective depressive symptoms were measured before the initiation of rTMS and repeatedly evaluated at week 3, 6, 12 and 18 from the beginning of the stimulation. Results After completion of rTMS protocol two patients demonstrated a reduction of depressive symptoms that was sustained throughout the 15-week follow-up period. One patient showed a tendency of remission during the first 12 weeks of the study, but relapsed in week 18. One patient showed no significant symptom reduction at any point of follow-up. Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest that rTMS has a good tolerability and can be efficient in accelerating the effect of antidepressants, particularly in individuals with shorter duration of depressive episodes and moderate symptom severity.Repetitivna transkranijalna magnetna stimulacija (rTMS) je metoda moždane stimulacije koja se sve češće primenjuje u kliničkom i istraživačkom radu. Dosadašnja istraživanja su ukazala na moguće antidepresivno dejstvo rTMS, ali jasna nadmoćnost ove metode u odnosu na placebo još nije potvrđena. Cilj rada Cilj rada je bilo praćenje efekta rTMS kao adjuvantnog tretmana antidepresivima na jačinu depresivnosti tokom 18 nedelja primene protokola stimulacije. Metode rada Četiri bolesnika sa dijagnozom umerenog, odnosno teškog depresivnog poremećaja bila su uključena u studiju. Protokol je podrazumevao primenu 2.000 stimulacija na dan tokom 15 dana sa frekvencijom rTMS od 10 Hz, intenziteta 120% motornog praga, nad levim dorzolateralnim prefrontalnim korteksom. Subjektivni i objektivni simptomi depresije ocenjeni su pre početka primene rTMS i ponovo procenjeni u 3, 6, 12. i 18. nedelji od početka stimulacije. Rezultati Kod dva ispitanika je po završetku protokola rTMS uočeno povlačenje simptoma depresije koje se održalo tokom čitavog perioda nadgledanja. Kod jedne ispitanice zapažena je tendencija uspostavljanja remisije u prvih 12. nedelja kliničkog praćenja, ali je u 18. nedelji došlo do pojačanja simptoma depresije. Kod druge ispitanice nije zapaženo značajnije smanjenje simptoma depresije ni u jednom trenutku kliničkog praćenja. Zaključak Preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na dobru podnošljivost rTMS i efikasnost u pojačavanju delovanja antidepresiva, i to najpre kod epizoda depresije koje kraće traju i čiji su simptomi umerenog intenziteta

Kvantitativna i kvalitativna procena obrasca hoda kod bolesnika sa Parkinsonovom bolešću

Background/Aim. Postural impairments and gait disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) affect limits of stability, impaire postural adjustment, and evoke poor responses to perturbation. In the later stage of the disease, some patients can suffer from episodic features such as freezing of gait (FOG). Objective gait assessment and monitoring progress of the disease can give clinicians and therapist important information about changes in gait pattern and potential gait deviations, in order to prevent concomitant falls. The aim of this study was to propose a method for identification of freezing episodes and gait disturbances in patients with PD. A wireless inertial sensor system can be used to provide follow-up of the treatment effects or progress of the disease. Methods. The system is simple for mounting a subject, comfortable, simple for installing and recording, reliable and provides high-quality sensor data. A total of 12 patients were recorded and tested. Software calculates various gait parameters that could be estimated. User friendly visual tool provides information about changes in gait characteristics, either in a form of spectrogram or by observing spatiotemporal parameters. Based on these parameters, the algorithm performs classification of strides and identification of FOG types. Results. The described stride classification was merged with an algorithm for stride reconstruction resulting in a useful graphical tool that allows clinicians to inspect and analyze subject's movements. Conclusion. The described gait assessment system can be used for detection and categorization of gait disturbances by applying rule-based classification based on stride length, stride time, and frequency of the shank segment movements. The method provides an valuable graphical interface which is easy to interpret and provides clinicians and therapists with valuable information regarding the temporal changes in gait.Uvod/Cilj. Poremećaji hoda i ravnoteže kod bolesnika sa Parkinsonovom bolešću (PD) uključuju i poremećaje stabilnosti, održavanja ravnoteže prilikom hoda i nemogućnost adekvatne reakcije na iznenadne perturbacije. U kasnijim fazama bolesti neki bolesnici razvijaju i epizode motornog bloka, odnosno 'frizing' tokom hoda. Objektivno praćenje i merenje karakteristika hoda i promena obrasca hoda tokom progresije bolesti mogu pomoći kliničarima jer ukazuju na promene koje bi dovele do padova i ugrozile bolesnika. Cilj rada bio je razvoj metode koja bi identifikovala ovakve epizode kod bolesnika sa Parkinsonovom bolesti. Razvijeni bežični sistem sa senzorima mogao bi se koristiti za posmatranje efekata terapije ili progresije bolesti. Metode. U radu je prikazan sistem za objektivnu procenu obrasca hoda. Korišćenjem bežičnog senzorskog sistema koji koristi akcelerometre, žiroskope i senzore sile, moguće je dobiti procenu parametara hoda, ali i identifikovati 'frizing' epizode karakteristične za PD. Uz pomoć ovog sistema snimljeno je 12 bolesnika, te je na osnovu snimljenih signala razvijen novi softverski alat koji omogućava praćenje parametara hoda. Rezultati. Na osnovu dužine koraka, trajanja koraka i frekvencije pokreta, razvijen je algoritam za klasifikaciju tipova koraka i uočavanje promena frekvencija pokreta tokom hoda. Prikaz rezultata ovog sistema je dat kroz primer jednog bolesnika. Zaključak. Opisani sistem za procenu hoda može biti korišćen za kategorizaciju poremećaja hoda kroz posmatranje promena u dužini i trajanju koraka, kao i frekvencija segmenata noge. Razvijeni metod omogućava iliustrativni prikaz i grafički interfejs koji je jednostavan za interpretaciju i omogućava dobijanje informacija koje kliničarima mogu ukazati na trenutne promene u obrascu hoda

Senzorski sistem za objektivnu motornu procenu na osnovu tapping-a prstima i stopalom

Background/Aim. Finger tapping test is commonly used in neurological examinations as a test of motor performance. The new system comprising inertial and force sensors and custom proprietary software was developed for quantitative estimation and assessment of finger and foot tapping tests. The aim of this system was to provide diagnosis support and objective assessment of motor function. Methods. Miniature inertial sensors were placed on fingertips and used for measuring finger movements. A force sensor was placed on the fingertip of one finger, in order to measure the force during tapping. For foot tapping assessment, an inertial sensor was mounted on the subject's foot, which was placed above a force platform. By using this system, various parameters such as a number of taps, tapping duration, rhythm, open and close speed, the applied force and tapping angle, can be extracted for detailed analysis of a patient's motor performance. The system was tested on 13 patients with Parkinson's disease and 14 healthy controls. Results. The system allowed easy measurement of listed parameters, and additional graphical representation showed quantitative differences in these parameters between neurological patient and healthy subjects. Conclusion. The novel system for finger and foot tapping test is compact, simple to use and efficiently collects patient data. Parameters measured in patients can be compared to those measured in healthy subjects, or among groups of patients, or used to monitor progress of the disease, or therapy effects. Created data and scores could be used together with the scores from clinical tests, providing the possibility for better insight into the diagnosis.Uvod/Cilj. Tapping tj. tapkanje prstiju šake i stopala se uobičajeno koristi u neurološkim ispitivanjima kao test motorike. Prikazan je novi sistem koji sadrži inercijalne senzore i senzore sile, kao i odgovarajući softver za kvantitativnu procenu dijagnostičkog motornog testa na osnovu tapping-a prstima i stopalima. Uz pomoć ovog sistema moguća je objektivna evaluacija motornog obrasca bolesnika, a samim tim i lakše postavljanje određenih dijagnoza i praćenje progresa bolesti ili terapije. Metode. Minijaturni inercijalni senzori su bili postavljeni na vrhove prstiju u cilju kvantifikovanja pokreta prstiju. Senzor sile postavljen je na jagodicu jednog prsta i merio je silu primenjenu u toku tapping-a - tapkanja kažiprsta o palac. Za ocenu tapping-a stopalom, inercijalni senzor je postavljen na gornji deo stopala ispitanika koje je bilo postavljeno na platformu za merenje sile. Pomoću ovog sistema mogu se posmatrati brojni parametri poput broja i trajanja svakog pokreta, ritma i promena ritma, brzine otvaranja i brzine zatvaranja prstiju, primenjene sile, promene ugla između prstiju, i na osnovu ovih parametara može se vršiti detaljna analiza motornog stanja bolesnika. Sistem je testiran na 13 bolesnika sa Parkinsonovom bolešću i 14 zdravih ispitanika. Rezultati. Sistem je omogućio jednostavno merenje navedenih parametara i grafički prikaz kvantitativnih razlika u ovim parametrima između zdravih ispitanika i bolesnika sa neurološkim oboljenjem. Zaključak. Novi sistem za tapping prstima i stopalima je kompaktan, jednostavan za upotrebu i efikasan za prikupljanje podataka o bolesniku. Izmereni parametri mogu se koristi za poređenje bolesnika sa zdravim ispitanicima, ili sa drugim grupama bolesnika, ali i za praćenje progresa bolesti ili efekata terapije. Dobijeni podaci mogu se koristiti zajedno sa rezultatima drugih kliničkih testova, dajući tako mogućnost za bolji uvid u dijagnozu

Pouzdanost modifikovanog kliničkog testa uticaja senzornih interakcija na posturalnu stabilnost sportista uzrasta od 10 do 12 godina

Based on the literature, reports about bilateral stance assessments based on force plate measurements in elementary schoolchildren and athletes are limited. The present study was designed to report reliability values for postural stability in 10 to 12 years old athletes using the Balance Master system. Twenty young athletes who regularly practice their sport activities at least three times per week, participated in the reproducibility study (mean age 11.4±1.0). The modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCT­SIB) quantified children's static standing balance. Intraclass correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for three repeated measures reliability of the four sensory conditions of the mCTSIB showed good to excellent reliability, ranged between 0.772 and 0.949. Reproducibility was assessed with one way ANOVA with replication and non statistical differences among three measurements were recorded. Based on the obtained findings, it could be concluded that applied tests can be used in reliable assessment of standing balance in 10 to 12 age athletes. .Kratak naslov: Statička posturalna stabilnost sportista uzrasta od 10 do 12 godina. Na osnovu pregleda literature, može se zaključiti da o primeni kompjuterizovane posturografije u proceni posturalnog statusa dece i sportista nema dovoljno podataka. Zbog toga je osmišljeno istraživanje kojim je ispitana pouzdanost testa za procenu posturalnog statusa sportista uzrasta 10 do 12 godina, pri­menom kompjuterizovane posturografije. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 40 dečaka starosti 11,4 (±1.0) godina, koji se aktivno (bar tri puta nedeljno) bave nekim sportom. Za procenu sposobnosti održavanja posturalne stabilnosti, korišćen je tzv. modifikovani klinički test uticaja senzornih informacija na ravnotežu. Intraklas korelacioni koeficijent i krombah alfa koeficijent za tri ponovljena merenja bili su u intervalu od 0,772 do 0,949. Ponovljivost testa proveravana je jednofaktorskom analizom varijanse sa ponavljanjem za tri uzastopna merenja i nisu dobijene statistički značajne razlike. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da su evaluirani testovi za procenu posturalne stabilnosti pouzdani, te se mogu koristiti u proceni ravnoteže kod sportista uzrasta od 10 do 12 godina

Spectral parameters for finger tapping quantification

A miniature inertial sensor placed on fingertip of index finger while performing finger tapping test can be used for an objective quantification of finger tapping motion. Temporal and spatial parameters such as cadence, tapping duration, and tapping angle can be extracted for detailed analysis. However, the mentioned parameters, although intuitive and simple to interpret, do not always provide all the necessary information regarding the subject's motor performance. Analysis of frequency content of the finger tapping movement can provide crucial information about the patient's condition. In this paper, we present parameters extracted from spectral analysis that we found to be significant for finger tapping assessment. With these parameters, tapping's intra-variability, movement smoothness and anomalies that may occur within the tapping performance can be detected and described, providing significant information for further diagnostics and monitoring progress of the disease or response to therapy