Occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia and its association with the risk factors: a review article

Linezolid is the oxazolidinone group of antibiotic with wide range of activity against the gram positive bacteria including methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and penicillin resistant pneumococci and vancomycin resistant enterococci. Patients who are on linezolid were reported to have reversible myelosuppression especially thrombocytopenia and anaemia. Since there are less number of studies regarding the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and the risk factors associated with it, this study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia and its association with risk factors. It was a systematic review with synthesis of available literature in English language. Articles were retrieved using search terms included “linezolid”, “and”, “or”, “thrombocytopenia” from Clinical key and PubMed, published during 2000 - 2017. Out of 16 studies retrieved, only 7 studies were analysed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; of them, 3 were found to be prospective and retrospective cohort each and only one was retrospective cross-sectional study. The occurrence of linezolid induced thrombocytopenia range from 18-50% with normal renal function and 57% of incidence associated with renal insufficiency patients. The risk factors were found to be dose of linezolid >18-27mg/kg, body weight of subjects <55kg, creatinine clearance <88.39 to 60ml/min/1.73m2 and baseline platelet count <200*103/mm3, serum albumin concentration, serum creatinine, concomitant caspofungin therapy and duration of linezolid therapy

The matrix Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation as a source of integrable nonlinear equations

A new integrable class of Davey--Stewartson type systems of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) in 2+1 dimensions is derived from the matrix Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation by means of an asymptotically exact nonlinear reduction method based on Fourier expansion and spatio-temporal rescaling. The integrability by the inverse scattering method is explicitly demonstrated, by applying the reduction technique also to the Lax pair of the starting matrix equation and thereby obtaining the Lax pair for the new class of systems of equations. The characteristics of the reduction method suggest that the new systems are likely to be of applicative relevance. A reduction to a system of two interacting complex fields is briefly described.Comment: arxiv version is already officia

Sieving hydrogen isotopes through two dimensional crystals

One-atom-thick crystals are impermeable to atoms and molecules, but hydrogen ions (thermal protons) penetrate through them. We show that monolayers of graphene and boron nitride can be used to separate hydrogen ion isotopes. Employing electrical measurements and mass spectrometry, we find that deuterons permeate through these crystals much slower than protons, resulting in a separation factor of ~10 at room temperature. The isotope effect is attributed to a difference of about 60 meV between zero-point energies of incident protons and deuterons, which translates into the equivalent difference in the activation barriers posed by two dimensional crystals. In addition to providing insight into the proton transport mechanism, the demonstrated approach offers a competitive and scalable way for hydrogen isotope enrichment.Comment: early version of an accepted repor

A Non-Commutative Extension of MELL

We extend multiplicative exponential linear logic (MELL) by a non-commutative, self-dual logical operator. The extended system, called NEL, is defined in the formalism of the calculus of structures, which is a generalisation of the sequent calculus and provides a more refined analysis of proofs. We should then be able to extend the range of applications of MELL, by modelling a broad notion of sequentiality and providing new properties of proofs. We show some proof theoretical results: decomposition and cut elimination. The new operator represents a significant challenge: to get our results we use here for the first time some novel techniques, which constitute a uniform and modular approach to cut elimination, contrary to what is possible in the sequent calculus

Shell Model Study of the Double Beta Decays of 76^{76}Ge, 82^{82}Se and 136^{136}Xe

The lifetimes for the double beta decays of $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se and $^{136}$Xe are calculated using very large shell model spaces. The two neutrino matrix elements obtained are in good agreement with the present experimental data. For $<1$ eV we predict the following upper bounds to the half-lives for the neutrinoless mode: $T^{(0\nu)}_{1/2}(Ge) > 1.85\,10^{25} yr.$, $T^{(0\nu)}_{1/2}(Se) > 2.36\,10^{24} yr.$ and $T^{(0\nu)}_{1/2}(Xe) > 1.21\,10^{25} yr$. These results are the first from a new generation of Shell Model calculations reaching O(10$^{8}$) dimensions

Study on Efficacy of Expired and Active Forms of Various Antibiotics on Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicines. The cell protection strategies in the organisms, development of resistance in previously susceptible microbes, the inevitable progression of microbes exposed to antibiotics to develop resistance, were the nesisities that ensures the need for continual cycles of discovery and development of new antibiotics. A large variety of antibiotics are available in the drug market today, several others being added regularly in combat with various pathogens that cause disease in humans as well as in animals. Our present study focused to investigate the change in efficacy of commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, sparfloxacin, cefixime. We have collected antibiotics with before and after their expiry dates. A simple eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to study the comparative understanding of this microbe with these different antibiotics. In our investigation we found that response of Sacchromyces cerevisiae towards different antibiotics varied in its intricacies. Fresh forms of antibiotics have significantly inhibiting the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as compared to expired forms. The observations revealed that expired forms of antibiotics loose their efficacy drastically