An appraisal of the impact of international trade on economic growth of India- through the ARDL approach

Purpose: The study examines the impact of international trade on economic growth of India by using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) technique. The study further adopts Trade Openness Index to analyze the growing integration of India’s external trade with the outside world. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test for unit root and Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) cointegration approach which entails the Wald Test, Long run OLS estimation test, Error Correction and short Run relationship estimation test, as well as the short run Causality test. The data on the variables of model and Trade Openness Indicator were sourced from the various data sources of the Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy and the UNCTAD, World Bank Databases. The Data for the index and the model is collected and analysed for the period of 1991 to 2017. Findings: The analysis of the Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) test for unit root shows that the series were of different order, I(1) and I(0), hence the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) co-integration technique was employed by the study. The long run relationship of the underlying variables is detected through the F-statistic (Wald test) which shows that the series are co-integrated. Long run relationship estimates presents a positive and significant relationship between exports and domestic investment with GDP. The analysis presents that the relationship between the variables imports and exchange rate with GDP was found to be negative, but statistically insignificant and the speed of adjustment term (Error Correction Term) was also found to be significant. Short run causality result reveals the presence of short run causality between exports, domestic investment and exchange rate to GDP. Practical Implications: The paper concludes a positive relationship between international trade and economic growth and supports the ideology of mercantilism to encourage exports through trade promotion and increased participation of India in the world markets. Originality/Value: The authors conclude a positive impact of international trade on India’s economic growth and long run relationship estimates present a positive and significant relationship between exports and domestic investment with GDP. Further analysis on implications on bilateral treaties and tariffs would add value to the current study.peer-reviewe

Design of stable Di and tetraradical nitroxides as magnetic resonance imaging agents

Several nitroxides have been prepared in the Biotechnology Laboratory at NJIT to study their image enhancement capability. These nitroxides contain different moieties within one molecule and their paramagnetism is found to be initially increasing proportionally to the number of their radical centers. It is found that the addition of nitroxides at very close distances causes interference and a reduction of intensity due to the interaction of the two paramagnetic centers with each other. Thus MRI contrast agents are not improved by simple addition of nitroxide centers to a given molecule and drug designers must pay special attention to intramolecular spacing. To demonstrate techniques, rigorous controls and more detailed studies are being undertaken. In this research, methods for the synthesis of multiradical nitroxides by structural modification as well as the synthesis of nitroxides with a functional group in close proximity to the radical center have been developed. Specifically, two methods for synthesis of the multiradical nitroxide [bis-(2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl) phthalate] have been tested and their overall effect on the yield evaluated. The compounds intended for synthesis were bis (2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl) phthalate (by two different routes) and tetrakis (2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-l-oxy1-4-piperidyl) pyromellitate focusing on molecular structure and multi paramagnetic centers

Miura Transformation between two Non-Linear Equations in 2+1 dimensions

A Dispersive Wave Equation in 2+1 dimensions (2LDW) widely discussed by different authors is shown to be nothing but the modified version of the Generalized Dispersive Wave Equation (GLDW). Using Singularity Analysis and techniques based upon the Painleve Property leading to the Double Singular Manifold Expansion we shall find the Miura Transformation which converts the 2LDW Equation into the GLDW Equation. Through this Miura Transformation we shall also present the Lax pair of the 2LDW Equation as well as some interesting reductions to several already known integrable systems in 1+1 dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, latex. Journal of Mathematical Physics (to appear

Discretized Linear Regression and Multiclass Support Vector Based Air Pollution Forecasting Technique

Air pollution is a vital issue emerging from the uncontrolled utilization of traditional energy sources as far as developing countries are concerned. Hence, ingenious air pollution forecasting methods are indispensable to minimize the risk. To that end, this paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled system for monitoring and controlling air pollution in the cloud computing environment. A method called Linear Regression and Multiclass Support Vector (LR-MSV) IoT-based Air Pollution Forecast is proposed to monitor the air quality data and the air quality index measurement to pave the way for controlling effectively. Extensive experiments carried out on the air quality data in the India dataset have revealed the outstanding performance of the proposed LR-MSV method when benchmarked with well-established state-of-the-art methods. The results obtained by the LR-MSV method witness a significant increase in air pollution forecasting accuracy by reducing the air pollution forecasting time and error rate compared with the results produced by the other state-of-the-art methodsComment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Published with International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT

Genomics and Proteomics of Type 2 Diabetes in Indians

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Novel Regression and Least Square Support Vector Machine Learning Technique for Air Pollution Forecasting

Air pollution is the origination of particulate matter, chemicals, or biological substances that brings pain to either humans or other living creatures or instigates discomfort to the natural habitat and the airspace. Hence, air pollution remains one of the paramount environmental issues as far as metropolitan cities are concerned. Several air pollution benchmarks are even said to have a negative influence on human health. Also, improper detection of air pollution benchmarks results in severe complications for humans and living creatures. To address this aspect, a novel technique called, Discretized Regression and Least Square Support Vector (DR-LSSV) based air pollution forecasting is proposed. The results indicate that the proposed DR-LSSV Technique can efficiently enhance air pollution forecasting performance and outperforms the conventional machine learning methods in terms of air pollution forecasting accuracy, air pollution forecasting time, and false positive rate.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, Article Published in April 2023, Volume 71, Issue 04, of SSRG-International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT)", ISSN: 2231-538

A REVIEW: LOVASTATIN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS

Cholesterol is an organic compound, which is produced in humans by a complex metabolism. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of many steroids, vitamin D and also helps in membrane transport. Increase of cholesterol in humans, leads to Cardio Vascular Disorders and finally death. This can be reduced by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase, which is an important precursor in formation of mevolanate from Acetyl CoA. Inhibition is done by statin drug, which is produced by many fungi through polyketide pathway. Many fungus produce lovastatin, while other statins like rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin are synthesized from lovastatin and mevastatin. Other than reduction of cholesterol, lovastatin is shown to provide various medicinal properties like anti-cancer, bone maturation, multiple sclerosis. In this review, a detailed note on various organisms employed for the production of lovastatin and different fermentation techniques for the same was studied. This review also helps in understating the inhibition of HMG-CoA reducatse and various medicinal properties of lovastatin. Keywords: Lovastatin, Fungus, Submerged fermentation, Solid state fermentation, HMG-CoA reducatse