Effect of missing values from the Canadian spring and fall surveys of NAFO Divisions 3LNO on the calculation of the TAC using the Greenland halibut HCR

To test the impact of ignoring recent missing abundance indices for Greenland Halibut in NAFO divisions 2+3KLMNO on applying the accepted HCR for this population to provide a TAC recommendation for 2023, the impact of similar exclusions in the past is examined and found to be small. To further test of the impact of the missing 2021 index from the Canada Fall 3LNO survey, a range of pessimistic to optimistic abundance index values were assumed to assess the plausible range of impact this one value might have on the TAC computation. The range of the resultant TACs is small, and the difference of the impact of TACs at either end of this range on exploitable biomass projections for the next year is found to be negligible. Hence, it is argued, the minimalist and straightforward approach of simply ignoring the missing 2021 Canadian Fall 3LNO result in the four-survey version of the HCR agreed last year would be a defensible and appropriate approach to the required adjustment of the implementation of this HCR to provide a TAC recommendation for 2023

Microfluidic system for high throughput characterisation of echogenic particles

Echogenic particles, such as microbubbles and volatile liquid micro/nano droplets, have shown considerable potential in a variety of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The accurate prediction of their response to ultrasound excitation is however extremely challenging, and this has hindered the optimisation of techniques such as quantitative ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery. Existing characterisation techniques, such as ultra-high speed microscopy provide important insights, but suffer from a number of limitations; most significantly difficulty in obtaining large data sets suitable for statistical analysis and the need to physically constrain the particles, thereby altering their dynamics. Here a microfluidic system is presented that overcomes these challenges to enable the measurement of single echogenic particle response to ultrasound excitation. A co-axial flow focusing device is used to direct a continuous stream of unconstrained particles through the combined focal region of an ultrasound transducer and a laser. Both the optical and acoustic scatter from individual particles are then simultaneously recorded. Calibration of the device and example results for different types of echogenic particle are presented, demonstrating a high throughput of up to 20 particles per second and the ability to resolve changes in particle radius down to 0.1 μm with an uncertainty of less than 3%

2-Chloro-3-fluoropyridine copper(II) complexes and the effect of structural changes on magnetic behavior

Please read abstract in the article.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gcoo202019-10-17hj2019Chemistr

Extraction of Molasses from Sugar Crystals in a Centrifuge

Massecuite is a mixture of sugar crystals and molasses produced during the manufacture of sugar. A centrifuge, which is a rotating cylindrical basket, is used to separate the sugar crystals from the molasses. Water and steam are introduced into the centrifuge during the latter part of the process to further facilitate drainage. Models developed indicate that a fifty percent increase in molasses drainage can result from the addition of steam, whereas water does not significantly affect drainage

The magnetic-structural relationship of [CuX6]4- [X = Cl-or Br-] perovskites containing ncarboxyalkylammonium cations of various chain lengths

Please read abstract in the article.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/s20532733am2022Chemistr

Cobalt and zinc halide complexes of 4-chloro and 4-methylaniline : syntheses, structures and magnetic behavior

Please read abstract in the article.The Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University and the Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University. F. X. would like to acknowledge the funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No 701647.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/poly2020-08-01hj2019Chemistr

Gold Nanoparticle-Quantum Dot Fluorescent Nanohybrid:Application for Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-induced Molecular Beacon Ultrasensitive DNA Detection

textversion:publishe

Heterologous Epitope-Scaffold Prime∶Boosting Immuno-Focuses B Cell Responses to the HIV-1 gp41 2F5 Neutralization Determinant

The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) gp120 and gp41 mediate entry and are the targets for neutralizing antibodies. Within gp41, a continuous epitope defined by the broadly neutralizing antibody 2F5, is one of the few conserved sites accessible to antibodies on the functional HIV Env spike. Recently, as an initial attempt at structure-guided design, we transplanted the 2F5 epitope onto several non-HIV acceptor scaffold proteins that we termed epitope scaffolds (ES). As immunogens, these ES proteins elicited antibodies with exquisite binding specificity matching that of the 2F5 antibody. These novel 2F5 epitope scaffolds presented us with the opportunity to test heterologous prime∶boost immunization strategies to selectively boost antibody responses against the engrafted gp41 2F5 epitope. Such strategies might be employed to target conserved but poorly immunogenic sites on the HIV-1 Env, and, more generally, other structurally defined pathogen targets. Here, we assessed ES prime∶boosting by measuring epitope specific serum antibody titers by ELISA and B cell responses by ELISpot analysis using both free 2F5 peptide and an unrelated ES protein as probes. We found that the heterologous ES prime∶boosting immunization regimen elicits cross-reactive humoral responses to the structurally constrained 2F5 epitope target, and that incorporating a promiscuous T cell helper epitope in the immunogens resulted in higher antibody titers against the 2F5 graft, but did not result in virus neutralization. Interestingly, two epitope scaffolds (ES1 and ES2), which did not elicit a detectable 2F5 epitope-specific response on their own, boosted such responses when primed with the ES5. Together, these results indicate that heterologous ES prime∶boost immunization regimens effectively focus the humoral immune response on the structurally defined and immunogen-conserved HIV-1 2F5 epitope