Flower Biology of Two Diospyros Species Neighborly Live at Csc Area: Do Pollen Viability and Tube Growth Rate Shire Endemic Distribution

Aims of study were to compare flower structure, pollen viability and pollen tube growth rate of two Diospyros species neighborly live in Cibinong Science Centre (CSC) park, Diospyros blancoi and D. celebica, and pursue if pollen-tube growth rate shire reasons endemic distribution of D.celebica in native habitat. Floral structurewas in situ or ex situ morphologically observed. Germination test and pollen tube growth incubation were done in Sarfatti medium and digitally captured and computerize analysis. The result showed that, both species have flower part resemblance each other. D. blancoi has bigger size in almost all flower parts. D. blancoi showed much more pollen viability (41% vs 7%) and tube growth rate than D. celebica1 (66 vs 0.57 μm per minute). Average pollen-tube length of both species at about 31/2 hours incubation was significantly different each other (342.679 ± 37.067 vs 128,673 ± 49,215μm). Most observed D. blancoi female trees set high number of fruit year to year and almost observed D. celebica female trees set very low number of fruit and some time without fruit in the year. It is associated with geographical distribution difference between the two species. Very significantlydifferent in pollen-germination percentage and pollen-tube growth rate provide a tool of further study to know microenvironment for reproduction and propagation of the endemic species, D. celebica

Aktifitas Bioreproduksi Generatif Dan Kemungkinan Otofertilisasi Pada Bunga Beberapa Jenis Zingiberaceae Minor Liar (Generative Bioreproduction Activity and Auto Fertilization Possibility of Some Wild-minor Zingiberaceae Species)

ApreBminary study on flowers of some wild-minor Zingiberaceae species was conducted to know their generative reproduction andpossiblefertilisation mechanism. Nine species from five wild-minor Zingiberaceae genera grown in Bengkulu Forestry Grand Park :Achasma macrocheilos Griff., A.triorgyale Bak.,Amomum aculeatum Roxb.,A.maxima Roxb.,A.testaceum BJdl, Homstedtia minor VaL, H. scyphus Ret.Nicolaia speciosa Bl, and Zingiber aromaticum VaL, were in situ observed. As much as 90% of the species were found in flowering stage in the study periods, between September and December 1995, 75% of the plants set fruit and seed while 25% set seeded fruit according to native people from neighbour village. All of the flowers showed that many spikelet might be anthesi edper spike per day and were terminally heated on non leafy "stem".Some stigmas observed were occupied by some pollens though pollinator was absent. In addition, stigma - anther distances were very near (0-3 mm).We found that generative bioreproduction was active and productive and autofertili^ation mechanism might be considered to be occurred on the species

Karakter Morfologi Dan Pola Perkecambahan Biji Strombosia Javanica Bl. (Olacaceae) Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Sifat-sifat Parasitisme* [Morphological Characters and Germination Patterns of Strombosia Javanica Bl. (Olacaeae) Associated with Parasitism]

A study on seed germinations of Strombosia javanica BL. was conducted to observe morphological character and germination pattern of the seedling. As many as 134 seeds of the species, originally collected in Bogor Botanical Gardens, were germinated on medium contain soil, sands and compost in same quantity. Germination aspects such as germination patterns and developmental changes were monitored everyday until the first leaves appear. The seed germinations was typically hypogeal and totally spent 160-170 days, and consisted at least six stages: hypocotyl growth, radix primordial formatton, seedling root growth, seed ball lifting, seed ball removal and first leaves appearance. Rather intact seed ball remain exist at the end of hypocotyl vigorously mtil its removal, pmsumably one of special phenomena of the species germination associated to plant parasitism. Functionally, development of the cotyledons were abnormally suppressed by the existence of the seed ball. The cotyledon praphotosynthetic function seems to be replaced by greeny hypocotyl. First leaves development were never occurred before the seed ball removal. Seed coat elimination was able to increase germination initiation in a given time but facilitated damaging bacteria or fungi to contaminate the endosperm

Pola Perkecambahan Ramin (Gonystylus Bancanus) Dan Efektifitas Komposisi Media Tanam [Seed Germination Pattern of Ramin (Gonystylus Bancanus) and Effectivity of Planting Media Composition]

A research work on seed germination of ramin (Gonystylus bancanus (Miq. Kurz) was conducted to study germination pattern and the effectivity of some composition of planting medias contained compost, cocopeat, organic manure, carbonic sekam and soil.The result showed that the seed germination pattern of ramin at least consist of six stages based on one or more morfological change or an organ formation occured. A growing period needed by the juvenil ramin to grow from a stage to next stage and the seedling plant heigh were taken as parameters to pursued the effectivity of planting media composition. Generally, media contained compost, cocopeat, carbonic sekam and organic manure were much more effective than medium contains soil only. Medium contained compost only was the most effective as planting media based on the two parameters. Cocopeat and carbonic sekam was also recommended as alternative planting media for seed germination and juvenil plant growth of ramin

Penelitian Nyali Di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Dan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Jawa Barat, Indonesia [Research on Gall in Mount Gede Pangrango and Mount Halimun Salak National Parks, West Java, Indonesia]

Research on gall (including field and laboratory observations and field collecting) have been conducted in the Mounts Gede Pangrano (MGPNP) and Halimun Salak National Parks (MHSNP). This research focused on gall shapes, host plant species, and parts of the host plants infected by galls. The result showed that there were 169 gall numbers in MGNP and 127 numbers in MHSNP have been collected. Distribution of plant species infected by the galls were rather same in the both conservation areas. In MHSNP seven families mostly infected by galls: Araceae, 4 species of 5 gall numbers collection in the family (=4/5), Elaeocarpaceae (5/5), Euphorbiaceae (7/9), Lauraceae (8/11), Moraceae (6/7), Melastomataceae (4/4) and Rubiaceae (9/12). In MGPNP the composition is only fairly different: Araliaceae (4/6),Euphorbiaceae (8/13), Lauraceae (9/12), Melastomataceae (5/6), Moraceae (13/22), Myrtaceae (9/11) and Rubiaceae (6/13). At least 23 gall shapes were found in both locations. The most common shape of galls found in MGNP was irregular, while in MHSNP was globular.Galls were mostly (90%) collected from leaf including peduncles and leaf venations. The other parts included twigs, branches, stems, flowers,and fruits. The most common insect found investing galls (i.e. insect gallers) was the midges (54.4%) followed by mites (18.5%), psyllids (11.1%), thrips (6.3%), coccids (1.9%), and aleurodes (1.9%)

Keanekaragaman Dan Penyebaran Gall Di Kebun Raya Bogor

In order to know the habitat preference gradation for gall-forming insects from the border to the middle of the habitat or more precise the edge effect on the galling existence and the expansion ability of local gall to infect on non indigenous species, observation of all plant life collections block by block in the Bogor Botanic Garden were done. Host plant and galling insect species composition differed quite characteristically between the edge and the interior of paths, but did not for galling insect richness. Insect gall richness was expressed as the ratio between insect gall and host plant richness (gall per plant ratio) and in the same time a weak relationship of insect species–area was found. Our results suggest that the number of galling insects per individual plant is not affected by the size of the patch. Despite these results, the natural forest patches are found in this region seem well suited for long-term studies addressing species–area relationships

Sistem Penyerbukan Alternatif Talinum Triangulare Willd.: Efek Perlakuan Penyerbukan Pad a Aktifitas Bunga Dan Pembentukan Bui [Alternative Pollination System of Talinum Triangulare Willd.: Effects of Pollination Treatments on Flower Activities and Seed Setting]

Eight pollination treatments were executed on Talinum triangulare Willd. to observe alternative pollination systems and its effect on some flower activities and seed setting. The treatments can be grouped to autogamy and allogamy or geitonogamy.Flowers simultaneously were treated by the eight treatments day by day for two weeks in a month with three replications.Parameters observed were fruit set, anthesis duration, seed number per capsule and presence of stigmatic curvature. The result showed that the plant species was evidently flexible in pollination systems but the plant was outcrossing species with highest seed number (58.73 ± 5.95) per capsule and did not show stigmatic lobe curvature. The second and the third highest seed number per capsule were given by natural pollination with or without anther removal and with or without artificial polination (50.5 ± 2,87 and 49.0 ± 1) and this treatments also did not showed stigmatic lobe curvature. Articial pollination with or without flower bagging, withor without anther removal and with or without natural pollination generally gave lower seed number per capsule 40.67 ± 5.69,32.67 ± 10.95, 43.67 ± 9.5) except spontan autogamy(49.29 ± 10.14) and some of this treatments showed sigmatic lobe curvature.Stigmatic lobe curvature, therefore, was occured when no pollen occupation on it until prior to naturally flower reclose. Flower would be abscised when no artificial or natural pollination was happened but its stigma was curved before shed. Primary pollination mechanism in the plant was cross polllination (allogamy) but the plant is enough flexible in pollination systems. Autogamy especially spontan autogamy seem to be alternative pollination mechanism when no natural polinator visit