Data_Sheet_1_Protecting Migratory Species in the Australian Marine Environment: A Cross-Jurisdictional Analysis of Policy and Management Plans.DOCX

<p>Marine migratory species are difficult to manage because animal movements can span large areas and are unconstrained by jurisdictional boundaries. We reviewed policy and management plans associated with four case studies protected under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act 1999) in order to identify the coherence of policy and management plans for managing marine migratory species in Australia. Environmental policies (n = 23) and management plans (n = 115) relevant to marine turtles, dugongs, humpback whales, and migratory shorebirds were reviewed. Few of the reviewed policies (n = 7) listed protected species and even fewer (n = 4) listed protected marine migratory species. Marine turtles were most represented in the reviewed policies (n = 7), while migratory shorebirds were most represented in management plans (n = 59). Policies and management plans were much more likely to identify relationships to other policies or plans within the same jurisdiction than to different jurisdictions. The EPBC Act 1999 served as the central link between reviewed policies and plans, but the requirements of that Act were weakly integrated into the other documents. This weak integration and the biases toward specific migratory species in environmental policies and management plans are detrimental to the conservation of these Matters of National Environmental Significance in Australia. Any changes to the EPBC Act 1999 will affect all environmental policy and management plans in Australia and highlights a need for cooperative, multi-level governance of migratory species. Our findings may have relevance to the conservation of marine migratory species in a broader international context.</p

lose v alost past p.

lose v"I've alost two," he said,"an' this (is) the last one I got. Well, if...I come to loss this one," he said,... "we got no papers signed onto it " ... [= lose]DNE Sup G. M. Story AUG.21 1989Used I and SupUsed I and Sup1Not Usedloss*, lose the bottle, lose one's spring/summer/year, spring2, summer, lose one's vote, save, save one's yearChecked by Jordyn Hughes on Tue 11 Aug 201

Number of children categorized as moderately to markedly atypical on the CPRS DSM-IV Hyperactive Impulsive and CPRS DSM-IV Inattentive Subscales^a.

<p>Number of children categorized as moderately to markedly atypical on the CPRS DSM-IV Hyperactive Impulsive and CPRS DSM-IV Inattentive Subscales^a.</p

Associations between PAH Exposure and CBCL DSM-oriented Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity problems and ADHD Behavior Problems on the CPRS Subscales adjusting for postnatal exposure^a.

a<p>Adjusting for postnatal PAH exposure (measured by metabolites at ages 3 or 5, adjusted for specific gravity), prenatal ETS, child sex, maternal education, child ethnicity, gestational age, maternal demoralization, heating season, HOME caretaking environment, maternal intelligence, child age at assessment, maternal ADHD, child anxiety/depression at age 9.</p>b<p>OR stands for odds Ratio; CI stands for Confidence Interval.</p>c<p>CBCL- Borderline or clinical defined as percentile ≥93^rd; CPRS- Moderately to markedly atypical defined as T-score >65.</p><p>*p-value <0.05.</p><p>Associations between PAH Exposure and CBCL DSM-oriented Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity problems and ADHD Behavior Problems on the CPRS Subscales adjusting for postnatal exposure^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111670#nt121" target="_blank">a</a>}.</p

Distribution of CBCL and CPRS Scores in children at age 9 (N = 250^a).

a<p>Children included in analysis with all covariates.</p>b<p>CBCL “borderline or clinical” defined as percentile ≥93^rd; CPRS “moderately to markedly atypical” defined as T-score >65.</p><p>Distribution of CBCL and CPRS Scores in children at age 9 (N = 250^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111670#nt117" target="_blank">a</a>}).</p

Number of children scoring in the borderline or clinical range on the CBCL and in the moderately to markedly atypical range on the CPRS in the analyses with maternal adducts or cord adducts^a.

a<p>Children included in analysis with all covariates.</p>b<p>CBCL- Borderline or clinical defined as percentile ≥93^rd; CPRS- Moderately to markedly atypical defined as T-score >65.</p><p>Number of children scoring in the borderline or clinical range on the CBCL and in the moderately to markedly atypical range on the CPRS in the analyses with maternal adducts or cord adducts^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111670#nt119" target="_blank">a</a>}.</p

Greater prenatal PAH exposure is associated with increased adipocyte size in F2 grand-offspring.

<p>(A). Frequency distribution of adipocyte cell surface area for inguinal WAT following prenatal PAH vs. negative control exposure. (B). Mean surface area of adipocytes of approximately 30 cells were averaged for each grand-offspring mouse at PND60 and compared. Lines represent ± one SD. Mann Whitney U, * p<0.05.</p

Greater prenatal PAH decreased DNA methylation in PPAR γ promoter at CpG⁻³⁰³, CpG⁻¹⁹⁵ and CpG⁻¹⁸⁹.

<p>Data shown were derived from measures in inguinal WAT (n = 12 female and n = 9 male following PAH and n = 10 female and n = 8 male following control exposure) and interscapular BAT (n = 12 female and n = 9 male in PAH and n = 10 female and n = 8 male following control exposure) at PND60. Lines represent ± one SD. Mann Whitney U: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.</p

PPAR γ promoter methylation and gene expression in inguinal WAT negatively correlated in F2 grand-offspring.

<p>Data shown were derived from measures in inguinal WAT (n = 17 following PAH plus n = 17 following control exposure at PND60). Spearman correlations were conducted on paired PPAR γ promoter methylation (levels averaged at all 3 sites in promoter) and gene expression levels (r_s = −0.38, p = 0.03).</p

Adiposity gene expression (QRT-PCR) in inguinal WAT and interscapular BAT in offspring.

<p>Adiposity gene expression (QRT-PCR) in inguinal WAT and interscapular BAT in offspring.</p