Impact Assessment of Varied Agroclimatic Conditions on Phosphate Solubilization Potential of Fungi in Fermentation and Soil-Plant System

In this work, two phosphate solubilizing fungi viz., Aspergillus tubingensis S33 and A. niger S36 were studied under different physiochemical and nutritional parameters in the lab, and in vitro under soil-plant experiments at two very distinct agro-climatic conditions viz., Banasthali, Tonk (Rajasthan), and Dwarahat, Almora (Uttarakhand), India. Phosphate-solubilizing capability was checked with different carbon and nitrogen sources. Maltose, glucose, and fructose were optimal carbon source in A. tubingensis S33 while fructose in the case of A. awamori S33. Amongst nitrogen sources, S33 showed maximum phosphate solubilization with ammonium sulfate while, S36 with ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate. Ammonium was more stimulating than nitrate as the chief nitrogen source. In vivo experiments revealed that solubilization was noticeable at all the temperatures, but optimal temperature was 25–35℃. The optimal initial pH for Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) solubilization was 8.0. The ideal concentration of TCP for solubilization was 7.5 g∙l−1. The application of both strains in two different geographical sites exhibited a significant (p<0.05) rise in wheat growth, grain yield, and available Phosphorus (P). Fungal inoculation with TCP amendment exhibited a more notable effect on growth, yield, and soil fertility than control. This study support that these isolates will be able to work efficiently in varied climatic conditions and will show consistent efficiency on field application

Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolar in a Gujarati Population - an In Vitro Study

Background: Knowledge about root canal morphology and its frequent variations can exert considerable influence on the success of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to survey the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolar teeth in a Gujarati population by decalcification and clearing technique. Methods : One hundred thirty eight extracted mandibular first premolar teeth were collected from a Gujarati population. After decalcifying and clearing, the teeth were examined for tooth length, number of cusps and roots, number and shape of canal orifices and canal types. Results: The average length of mandibular first premolar teeth was 21.2 mm. All the teeth had 2 cusps. One hundred thirty four teeth (97.1%) had one root, and just 4 teeth (2.89%) had two roots. Mesial invagination of root was found in 21 teeth (15.21%). One canal orifice was found in 122 teeth (88.4%) and two canal orifices in 16 teeth (11.59%). Shape of orifices was found to be round in 46 teeth (33.33%), oval in 72 teeth (52.17%) and flattened ribbion in 20 teeth (14.49%). According to Vertucci′s classification, Type I canal system was found in 93 teeth (67.39%), Types II,III,IV,V,and VI in 11 teeth (7.97%), 5 teeth (3.62%), 4 teeth (2.89%), 24 teeth (17.39%), and 1 tooth (0.72%) respectively. Conclusion: Mandibular first premolar teeth were mostly found to have one root and Type I canal system

The ability of two fungi to dissolve hardly soluble phosphates in solution

Low phosphorus availability in soil is one of the major causes that hamper crop yield. The main objectives of this work were to isolate efficient phosphate-solubilising strains from semi-arid soil and to check their efficiency to solubilise different inorganic phosphorus forms (viz., dicalcium phosphate (DCP), tricalcium phosphate and Udaipur rock phosphate) at different temperatures. Initially, 40 strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Sesamum indicum grown in semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India, of which 24 isolates showed phosphate-solubilising ability. Further, screening of these isolates for their phosphate solubilisation efficiency in solid media and broth led to the selection of two most competent isolates viz. SI32 and SI39. Both the isolates were effective in solubilising phosphorus at wide range of temperatures with different inorganic insoluble phosphorus sources. Amongst various insoluble phosphate sources tested, DCP was solubilised the most at all the temperatures but the performance was especially good in the range of 25–35°C

Pressure dependent magnetic, AC susceptibility and electrical properties of Nd7Pd3

The effects of pressure on the magnetization and isothermal entropy change, AC susceptibility, and resistivity for Nd7Pd3 have been studied. Nd7Pd3 shows three magnetic transitions T-t (=15 K), T-C (=34 K), and T-N (=38 K) at a pressure of zero bar. T-C and T-N are very sensitive to the pressure and rates of change of T-C and T-N with respect to pressure, i.e., dT(C)/dp and dT(N)/dp are -1.906 K kbar(-1) and -0.313 K kbar(-1) respectively, whereas Tt is insensitive to pressure change. It has also been observed that the isothermal entropy change is also sensitive to pressure. Below 15 K, an indication of spin glass nature in the AC susceptibility data is seen. The time dependent magnetization at low temperatures also supports the spin glass nature, but at high temperatures it indicates a complex nature. The electrical resistivity data has been fitted to the relation rho = rho(0) + AT(2) in the temperature range 12-30 K and rho = rho(0) + BT - CT3 in the temperature range 40-220 K. The M-H isotherm confirms the AFM nature of Nd7Pd3, which is confirmed further by the Arrott's plot

To assess surgical outcomes of combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery at a tertiary eye care center

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of combined femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 45 patients who underwent combined FLACS with 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery. Results: A total number of 45 eyes of 45 patients were treated with a mean age of 63.27 years (range 45-75). The mean follow-up was 3 months (range 3-12 months). The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 1.47 ± 0.86. The mean postoperative vision was 0.36 ± 0.36 and 0.275 ± 0.184 at a paired t-test revealed a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity at 1 month (P < 0.001) and 3 months (P < 0.001). The most common indication for surgery was full-thickness macular hole (51.1%), vitreous hemorrhage (24.4%), followed by epiretinal membrane (17.7%) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (4.4%). Conclusion: Combining FLACS with vitrectomy may be a step toward achieving better outcomes when combined CS and vitrectomy is performed

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in localized hepatobiliary tuberculosis simulating cholangiocarcinoma: a rare case report

Abstract Background Hepatobiliary tuberculosis includes miliary, tuberculous hepatitis or localized forms. The localised form is extremely uncommon and can mimic malignancy. Still rarer is its presentation as sclerosing cholangitis. Case presentation A 50 year male presented with acute onset jaundice, significant weight loss and elevated liver enzymes with clinico-radiological suspicion of cholangiocarcinoma. A left hepatectomy was done and dilated bile ducts filled with caseous necrotic material were seen intra-operatively. Histopathology suggested localized hepatobiliary tuberculosis with features of secondary sclerosing cholangitis. Conclusion Localised hepatobiliary tuberculosis can cause diagnostic difficulties and its possibility should be considered especially in endemic areas

Impact Assessment of Varied Agroclimatic Conditions on Phosphate Solubilization Potential of Fungi in Fermentation and Soil-Plant System

1267-1275In this work, two phosphate solubilizing fungi viz., Aspergillus tubingensis S33 and A. niger S36 were studied under different physiochemical and nutritional parameters in the lab, and in vitro under soil-plant experiments at two very distinct agro-climatic conditions viz., Banasthali, Tonk (Rajasthan), and Dwarahat, Almora (Uttarakhand), India. Phosphate-solubilizing capability was checked with different carbon and nitrogen sources. Maltose, glucose, and fructose were optimal carbon source in A. tubingensis S33 while fructose in the case of A. awamori S33. Amongst nitrogen sources, S33 showed maximum phosphate solubilization with ammonium sulfate while, S36 with ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate. Ammonium was more stimulating than nitrate as the chief nitrogen source. In vivo experiments revealed that solubilization was noticeable at all the temperatures, but optimal temperature was 25–35℃. The optimal initial pH for Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) solubilization was 8.0. The ideal concentration of TCP for solubilization was 7.5 g∙l−1. The application of both strains in two different geographical sites exhibited a significant (p<0.05) rise in wheat growth, grain yield, and available Phosphorus (P). Fungal inoculation with TCP amendment exhibited a more notable effect on growth, yield, and soil fertility than control. This study support that these isolates will be able to work efficiently in varied climatic conditions and will show consistent efficiency on field application

Not Available

Not AvailableDue to its lower water requirement, methane emission and soil degradation, a maize–wheat rotation (MWR) may be a more attractive alternative to rice–wheat rotation (RWR), in the upper Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India. However, N2O emission from MWR needs to be quantified to propose management practices for N2O mitigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, to assess the impacts of various N sources on N2O emission and its mitigation from the MWR. Six treatments –N0 (control), urea, urea þ farmyard manure (FYM), FYM, urea þ nitrification inhibitor (NI) and neem oil coated urea (NOCU) were investigated during 2012–2014. Results show ranges of N2O-N emissions from MWR of 0.59–0.69, 1.82–1.86, 1.81–1.85, 1.71–1.77, 1.38–1.52, 1.57–1.61 during 2012–2013, and of 0.62–0.68, 1.86–1.90, 1.78–1.84, 1.72–1.76, 1.40–1.46, 1.52–1.60 during 2013–2014, for N0, urea, urea þ FYM, FYM, ureaþ NI and NOCU treatments, respectively. The 2-year pooled N2O-N emission of MWR decreased by 23% in ureaþ NI and by 16% in NOCU with higher grain yield as compared to conventional urea application. Application of FYM with urea and FYM alone also reduced N2O-N emission; however, the grain yields of these treatments were decreased. Thus, the study suggests that the application of NOCU and NI with urea can mitigate N2O-N emissions from the maize and wheat crops. Hence, the use of NOCU and application of NI with urea could be a better option to mitigate N2O-N emissions from MWR of the upper IGP of IndiaNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableDue to its lower water requirement, methane emission and soil degradation, a maize–wheat rotation (MWR) may be a more attractive alternative to rice–wheat rotation (RWR), in the upper Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India. However, N2O emission from MWR needs to be quantified to propose management practices for N2O mitigation. A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, to assess the impacts of various N sources on N2O emission and its mitigation from the MWR. Six treatments –N0 (control), urea, ureaþfarmyard manure (FYM), FYM, ureaþnitrification inhibitor (NI) and neem oil coated urea (NOCU) were investigated during 2012–2014. Results show ranges of N2O-N emissions from MWR of 0.59–0.69, 1.82–1.86, 1.81–1.85, 1.71–1.77, 1.38–1.52, 1.57–1.61 during 2012–2013, and of 0.62–0.68, 1.86–1.90, 1.78–1.84, 1.72–1.76, 1.40–1.46, 1.52–1.60 during 2013–2014, for N0, urea, ureaþFYM, FYM, ureaþNI and NOCU treatments, respectively. The 2-year pooled N2O-N emission of MWR decreased by 23% in ureaþNI and by 16% in NOCU with higher grain yield as compared to conventional urea application. Application of FYM with urea and FYM alone also reduced N2O-N emission; however, the grain yields of these treatments were decreased. Thus, the study suggests that the application of NOCU and NI with urea can mitigate N2O-N emissions from the maize and wheat crops. Hence, the use of NOCU and application of NI with urea could be a better option to mitigate N2O-N emissions from MWR of the upper IGP of India.Not Availabl