A Study of Matrilineal Descent from the Perspective of the Tlingit NexA'di Eagles

The Athapaskans of the boreal forest of northwestern Canada and Alaska and the Indians of the northern Northwest Coast shared a similar social organization. It was based on the division of a group into moieties and/or phratries, tracing matrilineal descent, practicing exogamy, matrilocality, and sharing resources with other affiliate groups. The Sanyaqoan NexA'di Eagle clan was singular among the Tlingit in the early 20th century because they had a third exogamous group, as opposed to the rest of the Tlingit, who had two: the Raven and the Wolf/Eagle. Therefore, they were often scorned socially by their northern cousins. The NexA'di have also been an enigma to anthropologists. Whereas most researchers have identified the NexA'di as being outside the two major divisions, Olson (1967) suggested they represent "Tlingitized" Tsimshian Eagles. Recent research suggests that, instead, it was the Tlingit Eagles who, through division and migration, introduced the Eagle phratry among the Nisga'a. At an earlier time, the NexA'di or a related Eagle group was present among Tlingit "tribes" as far north as Frederick Sound. The Tlingit, specifically the Chilkat, Kake, Stikine, Tongass, and, of course, the Sanya recognize the NexA'di as being an ancient Tlingit clan that originated in southeast Alaska.Key words: matrilineal descent, matriorganization, Athapaskans, Tlingit, NexA’di, Eagle, phratry/moiety, originsMots clés: filiation maternelle, matriorganisation, Athapaskans, Tlingit, NexA’di, Aigle, phratrie/moitié, origine

FPO++: Efficient Encoding and Rendering of Dynamic Neural Radiance Fields by Analyzing and Enhancing Fourier PlenOctrees

Fourier PlenOctrees have shown to be an efficient representation for real-time rendering of dynamic Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF). Despite its many advantages, this method suffers from artifacts introduced by the involved compression when combining it with recent state-of-the-art techniques for training the static per-frame NeRF models. In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of these artifacts and leverage the resulting insights to propose an improved representation. In particular, we present a novel density encoding that adapts the Fourier-based compression to the characteristics of the transfer function used by the underlying volume rendering procedure and leads to a substantial reduction of artifacts in the dynamic model. Furthermore, we show an augmentation of the training data that relaxes the periodicity assumption of the compression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our enhanced Fourier PlenOctrees in the scope of quantitative and qualitative evaluations on synthetic and real-world scenes

Triangle trade relation among China, the EU and Taiwan under the aspect of the WTO

The book fits into a multidisciplinary research approach. The articles are the result of research conducted by eminent international economists, authors representing academic centres in different countries. The articles address current phenomena observed in the global economy. The authors do not aspire to comprehensively explain all the very complex and multi-dimensional economic developments, but illustrate many of these phenomena in an original way. The multi-threaded and multi-dimensional nature of the discussion in particular articles deserves attention. These include theoretical and methodological articles as well as the results of empirical research presented by the authors. The book is addressed to those persons interested in issues of economics, finance, regional economy, and the management sciences. It can be valuable for economic practitioners, members of management and supervisory boards of companies, and financial analysts, and the articles may also be useful for academicians and students.The WTO is a member-driven international trade organization composed of governments and customs territories. It sets the legal framework for trade among the members. The EU as successor of the EC is the founding member since the establishment of the WTO in 1995. With the gradual enlargement process, the EU has been also one of the super members with the strong economic power within the WTO. Since the open and reform towards the world economy, China has taken a rapid step for the economic development in the 1980s. China has accessed into the WTO in Dec. 2001. The Taiwan’s economy strongly depends on export. Therefore, trade plays a very important role for Taiwan. Taiwan has become the 144th member of the WTO since 2002. Nowadays the WTO is an important platform for Taiwan in the international community, especially the Cross-Straits trade relation between China and Taiwan. With the trend of globalization, the trade relation between China and Taiwan is unavoidable and inevitable. The Cross-Straits trade relation has rapidly developed after their access into the WTO. As a result, the WTO has become an important platform for the interaction between China and Taiwan. Furthermore, China and Taiwan have concluded in 2009 the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) under the WTO. This thesis firstly works on the ECFA as basis to explain its content and its impact on the both-side development. Secondly, it deals with the triangle relation among China, the EU and Taiwan within the WTO. Furthermore, it focuses on the signification of the ECFA for the triangle trade relation and its future. Finally, it draws a conclusion as finding of this research