Table_1_Development and validation of an assessment tool for public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19.DOCX

IntroductionCommunity pharmacists' roles have expanded and undergone a significant transition over the last few years. Consequently, new and different pharmacy services, such as drive-thru pharmacy services, have emerged. Drive-thru pharmacy services began three decades ago and continued even during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' perceptions are essential to the successful implementation and satisfaction with any new service. This study examines the reliability and validity of the assessment tool of public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. The developed tool consists of 28 items to evaluate believed advantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, believed disadvantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, differences between drive-thru community pharmacy services and instore drug refill services, perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services and feelings regarding how the introduction of drive-thru pharmacy services may affect the image of community pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the factors of the developed tool, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model fitness.ResultsThe EFA identified five elements and 25 items for the tool, and through CFA results, the observed model of the 25 items structure of the tool was verified as an excellent fit for the data [χ2 (265, N = 565) = 819.586, p ConclusionThe developed and validated tool would be valuable for assessing the public's perceptions of the drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19 and future pandemics.</p

Table_2_Development and validation of an assessment tool for public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19.DOCX

IntroductionCommunity pharmacists' roles have expanded and undergone a significant transition over the last few years. Consequently, new and different pharmacy services, such as drive-thru pharmacy services, have emerged. Drive-thru pharmacy services began three decades ago and continued even during outbreaks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients' perceptions are essential to the successful implementation and satisfaction with any new service. This study examines the reliability and validity of the assessment tool of public perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services in Malaysia during COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. The developed tool consists of 28 items to evaluate believed advantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, believed disadvantages toward drive-thru community pharmacy services, differences between drive-thru community pharmacy services and instore drug refill services, perceptions toward drive-thru community pharmacy services and feelings regarding how the introduction of drive-thru pharmacy services may affect the image of community pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to identify the factors of the developed tool, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the model fitness.ResultsThe EFA identified five elements and 25 items for the tool, and through CFA results, the observed model of the 25 items structure of the tool was verified as an excellent fit for the data [χ2 (265, N = 565) = 819.586, p ConclusionThe developed and validated tool would be valuable for assessing the public's perceptions of the drive-thru community pharmacy service during COVID-19 and future pandemics.</p

Additional file 1 of Understanding the facilitators and barriers to barcode medication administration by nursing staff using behavioural science frameworks. A mixed methods study

Supplementary Material

Demographic characteristics of TB Patients and Controls.

<p><b>Note:</b> Patient stratification is as given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004778#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Abbreviations for groups are given in brackets. TBA included 10 previously treated patients.</p

Differential CFP10-induced IFNγ and CCL2 in PTB and EPulTB.

<p>Whole blood cells from different patients were stimulated with CFP10 at 5 µg/ml. IFNγ and CCL2 were measured in cell supernatants. All other parameters as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005158#pone-0005158-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>. The box plots indicate cytokine secretion in PTB, LNTB and SevTB groups. A. IFNγ, B. CCL2.</p

Genotype combination in relation to disease severity.

<p>Genotype combination in relation to disease severity.</p

Differences in allele frequencies in healthy controls and tuberculosis patients

<p>Note: Patient stratification is given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004778#s4" target="_blank">material and methods</a>. N for each group is given in brackets. Abbreviations used as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004778#pone-0004778-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Diagnostic modality used for confirmation of tuberculosis.

<p>Note: Primary diagnostic modality used diagnosis of tuberculosis.</p>*<p>Criteria for disease category given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004778#s4" target="_blank">material and methods</a>.</p>¶<p>Imaging tests included chest×rays for pulmonary patients, CT scan and or MRI for disseminated disease.</p

Relationship of IFNγ and IL10 SNPs with mycobacterial antigen induced cytokine secretion.

<p>Whole blood from TB not affected (TBNA) Tuberculin skin test positive donors was stimulated with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> culture filtrate (CF) proteins [5 µg/ml] and supernatants tested at 2 days for IL10 secretion and day 5 for IFNγ secretion using ELISA method as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004778#s4" target="_blank">material and methods</a>. Results are expressed as pg/ml after deducting secretion in un-stimulated whole blood.</p

Facilitators to ADR reporting by HCPs.

Facilitators to ADR reporting by HCPs.</p