MatriVasha: A Multipurpose Comprehensive Database for Bangla Handwritten Compound Characters

At present, recognition of the Bangla handwriting compound character has been an essential issue for many years. In recent years there have been application-based researches in machine learning, and deep learning, which is gained interest, and most notably is handwriting recognition because it has a tremendous application such as Bangla OCR. MatrriVasha, the project which can recognize Bangla, handwritten several compound characters. Currently, compound character recognition is an important topic due to its variant application, and helps to create old forms, and information digitization with reliability. But unfortunately, there is a lack of a comprehensive dataset that can categorize all types of Bangla compound characters. MatrriVasha is an attempt to align compound character, and it's challenging because each person has a unique style of writing shapes. After all, MatrriVasha has proposed a dataset that intends to recognize Bangla 120(one hundred twenty) compound characters that consist of 2552(two thousand five hundred fifty-two) isolated handwritten characters written unique writers which were collected from within Bangladesh. This dataset faced problems in terms of the district, age, and gender-based written related research because the samples were collected that includes a verity of the district, age group, and the equal number of males, and females. As of now, our proposed dataset is so far the most extensive dataset for Bangla compound characters. It is intended to frame the acknowledgment technique for handwritten Bangla compound character. In the future, this dataset will be made publicly available to help to widen the research.Comment: 19 fig, 2 tabl

Effect of water based nanofluids on laminar convective heat transfer in developing region of rectangular channel

Researches involving mixing very little amount of nano-sized solid additives to base fluid have gained popular interest to develop enhanced convective heat transfer techniques. The dispersion of solid particles in such nanofluids changes the thermo physical properties of the working fluid such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, density and specific heat. Therefore, nanofluids have enhancement potential in heat transfer performance compared to normal working fluids. Additionally, most of the researches regarding heat transfer enhancement by using nanofluids considered circular tube as the geometry conducted on developed region. However, in many industry or heat generated equipment, rectangular channels are generally used as a flow path for fluid flowing to conduct heat transfer application. Therefore, the analysis of heat transfer through the entire section of channel (both developing and developed region) is important to understand flow behavior along with heat transfer performance of the entire section for industrial operation. In this study, convective heat transfer of laminar nanofluids in developing region of a rectangular channel was numerically investigated using finite volume method and single-phase approach with ANSYS Fluent software. Four nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiC and TiO2) with different volume fraction (1% - 5%) were used to mix with water to produce water based nanofluids. The heat transfer was analysed for a constant Reynolds numbers 700 with a constant heat flux 500 W/m2 applied on the channel wall. Results demonstrated 2% to 13.38% enhancement in heat transfer coefficient with the presence of 1 to 5% nanoparticles concentration, respectively, in comparison to pure water. Meanwhile, results in terms of Nusselt number showed an increase of 1.5% to 13.36% as compared to pure water for the same range of nanoparticles concentration, respectively. From these results, it can be deduced that higher nanoparticles volume fraction results in higher heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Moreover, CuO-water nanofluid provides the highest enhancement in terms of both heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number while Al2O3-water nanofluid provides lowest enhancement in terms of both heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number among all nanofluids considered in this study. From this study, it can be concluded that water-based nanofluids provide enhancement of heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number for laminar developing region of a rectangular channel

The inherent tensions within sustainable supply chains: a case study from Bangladesh

The complexities surrounding the supply chain logistics for perishable commodities within Bangladesh are extensive. Poor infrastructure, fragmented transportation and corruption compound the operational complexities within this emerging market. This case study analyses many of the day-to-day operational challenges and tensions inherent within Micro-Small-Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) forming the backbone of the Bangladesh socio-economic structure. The drive for transition toward greater levels of sustainability and corporate responsibility is problematic, affecting many levels within an extended and fragmented supply chain. The selected case study highlights the “lived in” geographical, environmental, economic and cultural factors that impact the ability of emerging market enterprises to remain profitable within emergency scenarios whilst transitioning toward a more sustainable model. This study, whilst detailing many of the tensions and critical issues facing MSMEs, highlights the benefits of direct Government intervention, criticality of a leaner and more efficient supply chain and reassessment of financial incentives to drive the transition to a more efficient and sustainable economy