Perception, our freedom of action versus consciousness regarding social media and website

Objectives: Apart from the benefits, social media also brings threats to teenagers. They are at risk if they access the internet under the age they are not allowed without their parent’s permission. Children and teenagers widely use social media and recent studies have shown that they spend the majority of their time daily on social media pages. This study aimed to evaluate whether our freedom of action has increased but not consciousness regarding social media and websites. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the students, teachers, and clinical doctors of East-West Medical College and Hospital and elite society of some areas at Uttara Model Town, Dhaka during the period from January 2018 to April 2018. A total of 365 purposively selected respondents were included in this study. After taking consent from the respondent data were collected by self-administered written questionnaire. Data were checked, cleaned, and edited to find any inconsistencies before entering into the computer. Analyses of data were done using computer software SPSS version 23.0. Analyzed data are presented by appropriate tables and charts. For qualitative data frequency distribution was shown. For the quantitative variables, different statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation, etc.) were calculated. Results: There were altogether 23 statements and it was seen that most of the respondents agreed with the statements. The proportion of consent ranged from 52% to almost 99%. In the cases of 12 statements, it was above 90%. In cases of 6 statements, it was from 80% to 89%. In cases of 3 statements, it was from 70% to 79%. Only one statement had a proportion of consent of 69.3% and only one had 52.1%. Most (95.6%) of the respondents mentioned that one major mental fluctuation of the young due to excessive smartphone use was ‘detachment from family and society. Another important mental fluctuation was ‘aggressive attitude’ as mentioned by 68.8% of the respondents. Nearly half (47.1%) of the respondents mentioned ‘depression’. Other mental fluctuations of the young due to excessive smartphone use were ‘apathy’, ‘jealousy’, and ‘lack of love and respect for elders’ as mentioned by 26.6%, 19.2%, and 5.2% of the respondents respectively. Conclusion: There are positive and negative impacts of using the internet and different social media. But problems start when someone indiscriminately uses the internet or social media or when one uses those excessively. Aggressive attitude, detachment from family and society, apathy, depression, jealousy, lack of love, and respect for elders may be due to excessive social media use. However, it is clear that social media affects people differently, depending on preexisting conditions and personality traits. But at the same time, it would be wrong to say that social media are universally bad things because it brings myriad benefits to our lives

Mortality Among Adults With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy and Infected With COVID-19

Importance: Large cohorts of patients with active cancers and COVID-19 infection are needed to provide evidence of the association of recent cancer treatment and cancer type with COVID-19 mortality. // Objective: To evaluate whether systemic anticancer treatments (SACTs), tumor subtypes, patient demographic characteristics (age and sex), and comorbidities are associated with COVID-19 mortality. // Design, Setting, and Participants: The UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP) is a prospective cohort study conducted at 69 UK cancer hospitals among adult patients (≥18 years) with an active cancer and a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients registered from March 18 to August 1, 2020, were included in this analysis. // Exposures: SACT, tumor subtype, patient demographic characteristics (eg, age, sex, body mass index, race and ethnicity, smoking history), and comorbidities were investigated. // Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was all-cause mortality within the primary hospitalization. // Results: Overall, 2515 of 2786 patients registered during the study period were included; 1464 (58%) were men; and the median (IQR) age was 72 (62-80) years. The mortality rate was 38% (966 patients). The data suggest an association between higher mortality in patients with hematological malignant neoplasms irrespective of recent SACT, particularly in those with acute leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.30-3.60) and myeloma or plasmacytoma (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.04-2.26). Lung cancer was also significantly associated with higher COVID-19–related mortality (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11-2.25). No association between higher mortality and receiving chemotherapy in the 4 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis was observed after correcting for the crucial confounders of age, sex, and comorbidities. An association between lower mortality and receiving immunotherapy in the 4 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis was observed (immunotherapy vs no cancer therapy: OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86). // Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study of patients with active cancer suggest that recent SACT is not associated with inferior outcomes from COVID-19 infection. This has relevance for the care of patients with cancer requiring treatment, particularly in countries experiencing an increase in COVID-19 case numbers. Important differences in outcomes among patients with hematological and lung cancers were observed

COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in patients with cancer and the effect of primary tumour subtype and patient demographics: a prospective cohort study

Background Patients with cancer are purported to have poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, encompassing a spectrum of tumour subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate COVID-19 risk according to tumour subtype and patient demographics in patients with cancer in the UK. Methods We compared adult patients with cancer enrolled in the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP) cohort between March 18 and May 8, 2020, with a parallel non-COVID-19 UK cancer control population from the UK Office for National Statistics (2017 data). The primary outcome of the study was the effect of primary tumour subtype, age, and sex and on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevalence and the case–fatality rate during hospital admission. We analysed the effect of tumour subtype and patient demographics (age and sex) on prevalence and mortality from COVID-19 using univariable and multivariable models. Findings 319 (30·6%) of 1044 patients in the UKCCMP cohort died, 295 (92·5%) of whom had a cause of death recorded as due to COVID-19. The all-cause case–fatality rate in patients with cancer after SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with increasing age, rising from 0·10 in patients aged 40–49 years to 0·48 in those aged 80 years and older. Patients with haematological malignancies (leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma) had a more severe COVID-19 trajectory compared with patients with solid organ tumours (odds ratio [OR] 1·57, 95% CI 1·15–2·15; p<0·0043). Compared with the rest of the UKCCMP cohort, patients with leukaemia showed a significantly increased case–fatality rate (2·25, 1·13–4·57; p=0·023). After correction for age and sex, patients with haematological malignancies who had recent chemotherapy had an increased risk of death during COVID-19-associated hospital admission (OR 2·09, 95% CI 1·09–4·08; p=0·028). Interpretation Patients with cancer with different tumour types have differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 phenotypes. We generated individualised risk tables for patients with cancer, considering age, sex, and tumour subtype. Our results could be useful to assist physicians in informed risk–benefit discussions to explain COVID-19 risk and enable an evidenced-based approach to national social isolation policies