Identification of physicochemical selective pressure on protein encoding nucleotide sequences-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of physicochemical selective pressure on protein encoding nucleotide sequences"</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2006;7():148-148.</p><p>Published online 16 Mar 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1431568.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Wong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>ge and hydrophobicity partitions. Sites that are green (69, 129) are from the hydrophobicity partition only. Sites that are red (30,33,63,64,71,75,79,80,81,99,113,116,121,124,127) are from the charge partition only. Finally, the site that is hot pink (43) is from the polarity partition only

Identification of physicochemical selective pressure on protein encoding nucleotide sequences-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Identification of physicochemical selective pressure on protein encoding nucleotide sequences"</p><p>BMC Bioinformatics 2006;7():148-148.</p><p>Published online 16 Mar 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1431568.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Wong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>n

Box plot depicting frequency of attacks over the course of lead-up progressions.

<p>Days until next attack at 10 intervals over the course of the scaled lead-up progressions.</p

Number of lead-up progressions by group.

<p>This distribution of the number of lead-up progressions per group. For example, twenty-two groups committed just one lead-up progression and eleven groups committed just two lead-up progressions.</p

Beta Distribution Models of Escalation at Different Thresholds for Big Attacks.

<p>[<b>A</b>] Frequency of attacks by inter-big-attack progressions using various definitions of a big attack (9, 14, 21, 31, and 49 fatalities). [<b>B</b>] Fatalities per attack by inter-big-attack progressions using various definitions of a big attack (9, 14, 21, 31, and 49 fatalities).</p

Beta Distribution Parameters by Individual Group.

<p>Beta distribution parameters for inter-big-attack sequences by individual terrorist group. Groups are rank-ordered according to their beta coefficient that represents the escalation in frequency of attacks prior to a big attack (defined as attacks resulting in 21 or more fatalities). The beta for fatalities represents the escalation in fatalities per attack prior to a big attack. The alphas represent de-escalation in frequency and fatalities following a big attack.</p

Escalation of frequency of attacks.

<p>[<b>A</b>] Days until next attack as a function of scaled progression of attacks that lead up to big attacks (that result in 21 or more victim fatalities). The x-axis value of 0 represents the first incident; 1 represents the incident just prior to a big attack. The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands. [<b>B</b>] Days until next attack by scaled lead-up progression using five definitions of a big attack (9, 14, 21, 31, and 49 or more fatalities). The x-axis value of 0 represents the first incident; 1 represents the incident just prior to a big attack. [<b>C</b>] Days until next attack by non-scaled lead-up progression. The x-axis value of 19 represents 20 attacks prior to the next big attack; 0 represents the incident just prior to the next big attack. The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands. [<b>D</b>] Days until next attack by scaled progression of attacks among groups that never commit a big attack (in grey). The x-axis value of 0 represents a group’s first incident; 1 represents a group’s final incident. For comparison, we also plot (in black) the days until the next attack in lead-up progressions shown in Panel A. The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands.</p

Escalation of victim fatalities per attack.

<p>[<b>A</b>] Victim fatalities as a function of scaled progression of attacks that lead up to big attacks (i.e., attacks that result in 21 or more victim fatalities). The x-axis value of 0 represents the first incident; 1 represents the incident just prior to a big attack. The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands. [<b>B</b>] Victim fatalities by scaled lead-up progression using five definitions of a big attack (9, 14, 21, 31, and 49 or more fatalities). [<b>C</b>] Victim fatalities by non-scaled lead-up progression. The x-axis value of 19 represents 20 attacks prior to the next big attack; 0 represents the incident just prior to the next big attack. The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands. [<b>D</b>] Victim fatalities by scaled progression of attacks among groups that never commit a big attack (in grey). The x-axis value of 0 represents a group’s first incident; 1 represents a group’s final incident. For comparison, we also plot (in black) the progression of fatalities leading up to attacks resulting in 21 or more fatalities (from Panel A). The dotted lines give the 95% pointwise confidence bands.</p

Thresholds used to define big attacks.

<p>The bolded line shows the percentage of total fatalities accounted for at different thresholds. For example, attacks killing 49 or more people account for 30% of fatalities from all terrorist attacks combined. Attacks killing 21 or more people account for 50% of all fatalities. We also plot the empirical cumulative distribution function. This shows, for example, that nearly 50% of all terrorist attacks results in zero fatalities, and approximately 67% result in 0 or 1 fatalities. Only 3.5% of attacks results in 21 or more fatalities (i.e., 96.5% of attacks result in fewer than 21 fatalities).</p

Box plot depicting fatalities per attack over the course of lead-up progressions.

<p>Victim fatalities at 10 intervals over the course of the scaled lead-up progressions.</p