Lithologic-facies and paleogeographic features of Mid-Upper Jurassic oil-gas bearing sediments in Nurolsk depression (Western Siberia)

Bathonian-Callovian-Oxfordian sedimentation environment reconstruction in SE Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia has been described. Paleogeographic and litho-geochemical features of sediments, numerous plant remains and ichnofossils indicated the fact that this territory during the Naunaksk suite formation was the transition in-situ sedimentogenesis. Based on the integrated research data, the potential litho-facies were identified in the Mid-Upper sediments within Nurolsk depression, Western Siberia

Relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (review of literature)

The article deals with the important issue in the field of consultative psychiatry - comorbid depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Depression is highly prevalent in cardiac patients. Patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and those undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement are at increased risk for elevated depressive symptoms and for major depressive disorder. In patients with heart diseases, depression is chronic, persistent, and associated with worse health-related quality of life, recurrent cardiac events, and mortality. At present, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions appear to be safe and effective at reducing depressive symptoms in patients with cardiovascular diseases and may impact cardiac outcomes. Despite this, depression remains under-recognized and undertreated in patients at risk for or living with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking depression to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and worse patient outcomes. The paper presents a review of the literature on the physiologic mechanisms implicated in the connection between depression and cardiovascular diseases. Impaired adherence to health behaviors and adverse physiological effects of depression, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, and autonomic nervous system abnormalities, may link depression with adverse cardiac outcomes. Future studies in this direction with involvement of cardiologists and psychiatrists should be held

Effectiveness of resuming ustekinumab therapy in psoriasis patients with metabolic disorders. Clinical experience

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with possible damage to the musculoskeletal system, affecting 2-3 % of the adult population of the planet. To date, special attention in the treatment of psoriasis is paid to the comorbid background, since it is known that it can aggravate the course of psoriasis and affect the effectiveness of therapy. The purpose of psoriasis therapy is to achieve clean or almost clean skin, sustainable improvement of psoriatic arthritis, improving the quality of life, all this became possible with the advent of genetically engineered biological drugs. However, in the treatment of genetically engineered biological drugs there are “pain points”: primary inefficiency, “the effect of slipping”, the scheme of transition from one drug to another, the safety of the combined use of GIBP and system-based drugs, interruption of therapy.Objective. To study the therapeutic efficacy of ustekinumab in psoriasis patients with forced interruption of treatment, taking into account metabolic disorders.Materials and methods. 52 patients with a diagnosis of plaque psoriasis receiving ustekinumab for 3 years were under observation, which were divided into 2 groups, depending on body weight and metabolic disorders.Results. More than 80 % of patients taking the drug at a dosage of 45 mg, and at a dosage of 90 mg, to week 12 therapy reached PASI 75. By week 24, the proportion of patients in group I who reached PASI 75 was 96.3 %, in group II — 88.0 %.By week 48 PASI 75 reached 90.4 % patients: in group I — 100 % patients, in group II — 80.0 % patients.At 76 weeks, patients were interrupted ustekinumab treatment in connection with the purchase of the drug. The duration of treatment interruption ranged 36 weeks. By week 112, 86.5 % patients in both groups had a relapse of psoriasis, which was assessed by the loss of the therapeutic response of PASI 75.By week 124 (12 weeks after the resumption of therapy) 82.7 % patients reached PASI 75: in group I — 92.6 % patients, in group II — 72.0 % patients.After 16 weeks (week 128), all patients 100 % achieved PASI 75 IN group I. In group II to week 128 PASI 75 was observed in 80 % patients.Conclusion. With the resumption of treatment of patients with psoriasis with ustekinumab after a long interruption, there is a rapid and complete restoration of therapeutic effectiveness, however, in patients with psoriasis with metabolic disorders, there is a decrease in efficiency after the resumption of therapy in comparison with patients without abdominal obesity, which can determine the further strategy and tactics of management of such patients

Влияние гастродуоденальной патологии на показатели качества жизни у детей

The aim of the research was to study the influence of chronic gastroduodenal pathology on life quality indexes of 97 children with chronic duodenitis and also there was studied attitude of parents (cross-form research) to health condition of their children. There were used standard gastroenterological methods of diagnostics and treatment. Estimation of life quality was conducted in dynamics by SF-36 questionnaire.The research detected that gastroduodenal pathology influence not only functions of gastrointestinal tract but also significantly reduces indexes of general health, vital capacity, limits social functioning of the individual, after course of eradication therapy patients are in need of additional rehabilitation, duration of therapy and observance at exacerbation of chronic gastroduodenitis must be not less than 3 months from the beginning of treatment, even if there are no complaints and physical changes.Целью исследования было изучение влияния хронической гастродуоденальной патологии на показатели качества жизни у 97 детей с хроническим гастродуоденитом, а также изучение отношения родителей (cross-form исследование) к состоянию здоровья своих детей. Использованы стандартные гастроэнтерологические методы диагностики и лечения. Оценка качества жизни проводилась в динамике по опроснику SF-36.Исследование выявило, что гастродуоденальная патология влияет не только на функции желудочно-кишечного тракта, но и значительно снижает показатели общего здоровья, жизнеспособности, ограничивает социальное функционирование индивида, после курса эрадикационной терапии пациенты нуждаются в дополнительной реабилитации, длительность терапии и наблюдения при обострении хронического гастродуоденита должна составлять не менее 3 мес от начала лечения даже при отсутствии жалоб и физикальных изменений

Arterial stiffness: basic determinants, methods of assessment, and the connection with obesity in children (literature review)

The review reflects the features of the structure and function of the arteries. The physiological mechanism of the formation of the pulse wave is described, and various levels of arterial pressure in the aorta and peripheral arteries are explained. Disorders of hemodynamics with a change in resilient-elastic properties of arterial vessels are described. Amplification and augmentation - factors modifying the pulse wave are presented. Also the paper describes the main methods of measuring arterial stiffness at the local, regional and system level, the advantage of direct measurement of the parameters related to the stiffness of the arterial wall, and the method of assessing the local and regional rigidity of the arteries. Separately, a method for determining pulse wave velocity in the carotid-femoral region was presented. Data of age impact on the structure and function of the arteries are presented. As it has been shown it is necessary to study parameters characterizing arterial rigidity in obese children, since this disease increases the incidence of cardiovascular complications in both adults and children. The relationship between the stiffness of arterial vessels and obesity children is considered. Various results of studies of arterial stiffness in children with obesity are presented. The lack of a consensus on the use of method of arterial vessels rigidity studying in childhood patients shows the need for further study of vascular remodeling and factors that may affect the structure of arteries in obese children

Obesity and functional bowel disorders: are they linked?

Obesity and functional bowel disease (FBD) are affecting a large number of people worldwide. They have psychosocial consequences and associated with considerable healthcare resource use. The purpose of this review was a comprehensive study of the relationship between obesity and FBD, as well as mechanisms to explain this relationship. An analysis of the literature provides strong evidence of a link between obesity and diarrhea, but there is currently insufficient data to speak confidently about the link between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Most studies suggest that adult obesity is not associated or negatively associated with constipation. The association of obesity with diarrhea is most convincingly explained through diet, eating behavior, changes in the metabolism of bile acids, accelerated colonic transit, altered intestinal microbiota and associated inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. Medicines taken by patients, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, can play their own role.Planning and conducting studies, including longitudinal ones, based on valid diagnostic criteria and taking into account the widest possible range of confounders, will allow a deeper study of the problem of comorbidity of obesity and FBD. This will help optimize the treatment of these diseases

Obesity and functional bowel disorders in adolescents: a pilot study

Background: Studies of the relationship between obesity and functional bowel disorders, carried out in different age groups, provide conflicting results. It remains unclear what factors are responsible for the transition from a tendency to constipation in children to a tendency to diarrhea in adults with obesity.Aim: To establish factors related to stool consistency as a surrogate marker of colon transit in adolescents with obesity.Materials and methods: A single-center observational cross-sectional study was carried out. We consecutively recruited adolescents, aged 11–17 years with obesity. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle and nutritional characteristics were assessed using questionnaires. Bowel symptoms were assessed using questionnaires and interviews. Stool consistency was assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Serum concentrations of ALT, AST, bilirubin, cholesterol, glucose, HbA1c, leptin, and insulin were determined. The HOMA-IR index was used to determine insulin resistance.Results: One hundred and ten adolescents with obesity were enrolled in the study. Of these, 69.1% had a pathological consistency of feces, with the prevalence of forms characterizing delayed gut transit (49.1%). The predominance of loose stools was reported by 5.5% of patients. The combination of different forms of stool (unstable stool) was described by 14.5% of adolescents. Hard stools were common among adolescents from single-parent families and adolescents who rarely consume dairy products. The presence of loose stools has been associated with insulin resistance.Conclusion: Most obese adolescents who do not have abdominal complaints have colon transit disorders. Medical professionals should actively ask these patients about stool frequency and properties. With constipation, dietary correction is justified. Research is needed to investigate in-depth gut microbiota as a possible link between obesity and diarrhea

Changes in the system of physiological anticoagulants at arterial hypertension in children

At labile and stable hypertension (AH) practically we revealed equal number of patients with decreased activity of protein C system (PS), antithrombin-IH (AT-ПІ), protein C (PS), Leiden anomaly. With stable hypertension decreased activity of PS was more pronounced. Reduced activity of PS was found only in children with stable hypertension. Significantly greater number of patients with decreased activity PS were revealed at stable hypertension. Comprehensive study of hemostasis is advisable in children with AH

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF OBESITY

The article describes the features of distribution and risk factors of psychosomatic disorders, according to epidemiological studies on the example of obesity. Currently there are about 1,7billion people with obesity in the world and there is and increase of number of children and adolescents with obesity. That allows to predict a sharp increase in the distribution of obesity in the future

Predictors of exaggerated blood pressure response to aerobic exercise in obese adolescents

Association of blood pressure response during exercise of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) is demonstrated in adults. The objective was to determine predictors of raised exercise blood pressure (BP) response during aerobic exercise in obese adolescents. The maximal treadmill test using the Bruce protocol was performed in 82 normotensive obese adolescents (12-17 y.o., 43 boys). Adolescents were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 68) - children with normal BP response to exercise; group 2 (n = 14) - adolescents who had excessive increase in systolic BP (SBP) during exercise. We used logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) and SBP response during exercise with adjustment for baseline SBP, sex, age and duration of exercise test period. We have found exaggerated BP response to exercise in 17.1 % of patients. In adolescents of group 2 baseline SBP was higher than in group 1 (p = 0.01). Glucose level and lipid metabolism disturbances, SDS Z-score, baseline SBP levels only by 24.8 % explained the formation of the hyperreactive SBP response to exercise (χ2 = 13.2; р = 0.068). Only baseline SBP was an independent predictor for exaggerated BP response (p = 0.025) and age was a significant trend towards influence (p = 0.054). Exaggerated BP response to exercise in normotensive obese adolescents is more common for older adolescents who have baseline SBP levels in the range of elevated normal values. Knowing CMRF as well as the degree of excess weight has no effect on excessive BP rise during exercise