Regulatory regimes for lawyers ethics in Japan and China: a comparative study

China and Japan are the two largest economies in Asia, and both countries are similar in their adoption of a civil law system. This article undertakes a comparative study of the regulatory frameworks for lawyers’ ethics in the two countries. This article first considers the development of legal profession, particularly their rapid growth in the past decade. It then analyses and compares the regulatory regimes on lawyers’ ethics in both countries, with reference to six ‘professional virtues’ of competence, independence, loyalty, confidentiality, responsibility and honourable conduct. It reveals that Japan adopts a model of self-regulation, while China implements a ‘hybrid’ mode, namely, both state and self-regulation. It also argues that China is improving in its growing recognition of such virtues as ‘competence’, and that it has room for improvement in such virtues as ‘independence’, ‘confidentiality’ and ‘honourable conduct.’published_or_final_versio

Label Retaining Stromal Cells Are Involved in Uterine Remodeling after Parturition

Oral 1: Uterus: abstract no. P009postprin

Identification of endometrial label retaining cells in postpartum mice

DMM 2011 entitled: Re-engineering Regenerative MedicinePoster Session - Stem Cell Biology: no. 50A well known technique for understanding stem cell niche is label-retaining cell (LRC) approach. Using animal models, quiescent cells (a property of somatic stem cells) which retain the DNA synthesis label (bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) for a long period of time has shown to contain adult stem cells 1-2. In mice, endometrial epithelial and stromal cells undergo proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Endometrial LRCs have been identified from normal cycled mice 3-4. However the presence of LRCs during extensive remodeling has not been investigated. In this study, endometrial epithelial and stromal LRCs during pregnancy and postpartum was …postprin

Developing active learning of skills in professional legal education in Hong Kong: from theory to ethnography

In Hong Kong, the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws is the normal prerequisite for practice. Following a comprehensive review in 2001, the programme was redesigned to emphasize problem-oriented learning and skills-based training. This discussion explains the principal features of the current curriculum and how it has worked out in practice. It calls for a systematic collection and study of feedback on the current programme, and announces a plan for that purpose.published_or_final_versio

Role of label-retaining cells in estrogen-induced endometrial regeneration

Candidate stem/progenitor cells have been identified in mouse endometrium as label-retaining cells (LRCs). The role of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in initiating estrogen-stimulated endometrial growth in prepubertal and cycling mice was investigated following a single 17beta-estradiol (E2) injection in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled and -chased (LRC), ovariectomised mice. Proliferating (BrdU(+)/Ki-67(+)) and mitotic (BrdU(+)/PH3(+)) epithelial LRCs were first detected in prepubertal mice 8 hours following E2 treatment, initiating the proliferative response. In contrast, all epithelial LRCs and 16% of epithelial cells in cycling mice proliferated within 2 hours. In cycling mice, 12% of stromal LRCs initiated a proliferative response 8 hours after E2. Proliferating epithelial LRCs and most stromal LRCs (85%) lacked estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1). These findings suggest that endometrial epithelial LRCs function as stem/progenitor cells by receiving proliferative signals from neighboring ESR1(+) niche cells to initiate the growth of the epithelium during development, while mature epithelial cells may undergo self-replication in cycling endometrium.postprin

Macrophages promoted the colony forming ability of putative endometrial stromal stem cells

Poster Session - Blood Disorders & Stem Cell Immunology: no. 69DMM 2011 entitled: Re-engineering Regenerative MedicineWomen with endometriosis have a decreased cell-mediated immunity1 and contain more activated macrophages2. Human endometrial and endometriotic stem/progenitor cells have been identified using the clonogenic assay3, 4 ENREF 4 ENREF 4. Large colony forming units (CFUs, >4000 cells) are initiated from stem/progenitor cells and small CFUs (<4000 cells) are from transit-amplifying cells. Retrograded endometrial stem cells may have a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In this study, the regulatory mechanism between macrophages and putative stem cells was examined. Endometrium (n=12)/ovarian endometrioma (n=16) were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy and …postprin

Spatial and temporal characterization of endometrial mesenchymal stem-like cells activity during the menstrual cycle

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Nanoparticle labeling identifies slow cycling human endometrial stromal cells

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Dysfunctional allele of the mannose binding protein (MBP) gene in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - a preliminary study

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T-Lymphocyte activity in autoimmune diseases

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