Correlations between dendrometric and allometric variables of Eucalyptus benthamii under agroforestry systems in the subtropic of Brazil

ABSTRACT: The growing interest in integrated agricultural production systems has increased the search for information about the arboreal component, thus, information about the correlations and associations between dendrometric and allometric variables are important. This study investigated the results obtained through simple correlation analysis and its breakdown via path analysis of dendrometric and allometric variables of Eucalyptus benthamii under different integrated systems and monoculture. The following variables were evaluated: diameter at 1.3 m above ground, total height, volume with and without bark, crown radius and biomass components stem wood and bark, branches, leaves and total aboveground biomass. Descriptive statistics showed the great variance of the data with coefficients of variation from 18 to 85.08%. All correlations (Spearman) between allometric and dendrometric variables were positive and 89% were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For the total aboveground biomass as dependent variable, the variables with the greatest direct effects were wood biomass (0.26), volume with bark (0.17) and branch biomass (0.15). With the results of the simple correlation any variable can be used in the modeling of the total aboveground biomass. However, the path analysis makes it clear that some variables have weak associations even with significant correlations of great magnitude. RESUMO: O crescente interesse por sistemas integrados de produção agrícola tem aumentado a busca por informações sobre o componente arbóreo, portanto, informações sobre as correlações e associações entre variáveis dendrométricas e alométricas são importantes. Este estudo investigou os resultados obtidos por meio de análises de correlação simples e sua decomposição por meio de análise de trilha de variáveis dendrométricas e alométricas de Eucalyptus benthamii sob diferentes sistemas integrados e monocultivos. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro a 1,3 m acima do solo, altura total, volume com e sem casca, raio da copa e componentes da biomassa madeira e casca do caule, galhos, folhas e biomassa aérea total. A estatística descritiva mostrou grande variância dos dados com coeficientes de variação de 18 a 85,08%. Todas as correlações (Spearman) entre as variáveis alométricas e dendrométricas foram positivas e 89% foram estatisticamente significativas (p <0,05). Para a biomassa total acima do solo como variável dependente, as variáveis com maiores efeitos diretos foram biomassa de madeira (0,26), volume com casca (0,17) e biomassa de ramos (0,15). Com os resultados da correlação simples, qualquer variável pode ser usada na modelagem da biomassa total acima do solo. No entanto, a análise do caminho deixa claro que algumas variáveis apresentam associações fracas mesmo com correlações significativas de grande magnitude

Safe therapeutics of murine melanoma model using a novel antineoplasic, the partially methylated mannogalactan from Pleurotus eryngii

A heteropolysaccharide was isolated by cold aqueous extraction from edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (“King Oyster”) basidiocarps and its biological properties were evaluated. Structural assignments were carried out using mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and methylation analyses. A mannogalactan having a main chain of (1 → 6)-linked α-D-galactopyranosyl and 3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl residues, both partially substituted at OH-2 by β-D-Manp (MG-Pe) single-unit was found. Biological effects of mannogalactan from P. eryngii (MG-Pe) were tested against murine melanoma cells. MG-Pe was non-cytotoxic, but reduced in vitro melanoma cells invasion. Also, 50 mg/kg MG-Pe administration to melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice up to 10 days decreased in 60% the tumor volume compared to control. Additionally, no changes were observed when biochemical profile, complete blood cells count (CBC), organs, and body weight were analyzed. Mg-Pe was shown to be a promising anti-melanoma molecule capable of switching melanoma cells to a non-invasive phenotype with no toxicity to melanoma-bearing mice

Monitorar e manejar.

O ano de 2019 foi bastante favorável à ocorrência de pulgões e transmissão de vírus como o nanismo-amarelo na cultura do trigo. A importância destas epidemias tem levado a iniciativas para facilitar o monitoramento e a tomada de decisão de manejo desses afídeos. Esforços incluem o uso da Tecnologia de Informaçã