Limitação do requerimento microbiano em energia metabolizável fermentável ou proteína degradável na suplementação do pasto de inverno de vacas Canchim.

Scanea

Utilização de NaCl no suplemento como alternativa para viabilizar o creep feeding.

Foram utilizados 32 bezerros Canchim lactentes, alojados em sistema de pastejo rotacionado intensivo de capim-Marandu, divididos em três grupos correspondentes aos tratamentos avaliados: Controle (sem Creep-feeding); SAL5 (adicao de 5% de NaCl ao concentrado fornecido no Creep-feedding). O arraçoamento em cocho de privativo teve duração de 90 dias, dividido em três subperíodos de 30 dias cada um. O ganho de peso corporal foi a maior (P<0,05) nos subperíodos 1 e 2 para os tratamentos SAL 10 e SAL 5, respectivamente. Não houve diferença no terceiro subperíodo total, o tratamento SAL 10(0,91 Kg/cab/dia) foi superior (P<0,05) ao tratamento controle (0,81 kg/cab/dia)

Comparação de sistemas para nutrição de bovinos nas diferentes fases do modelo de produção intensiva de carne. II- Suplementação de bezerros lactentes.

Foram utilizados 29 bezerros Canchim lactentes, alojados em sistemas de pastejo rotacionado intensivo de capim marandu, recebendo ad libitum suplementos trabalhados por três sistemas de ajuste de dietas: Sistema de proteína metabolizável - MP; Sistema de proteína e carboidratos líquidos de Cornell - CNCPS; e sistemas de proteína digestivel no intestino - PDI. O arroçoamento em cocho privativo (creep-feeding) teve duração de140 dias, subdivididos em 4 período de 35 dias. No 3. e 4. períodos houve superioridade dos tratamentos PDI e MP, respectivamente, não existindo diferenças entre os tratamentos no período total, com média de ganho de peso de 1kg/cab/dia

The zymogen-enteropeptidase system: A practical approach to study the regulation of enzyme activity by proteolytic cleavage

The present research describes an efficient procedure to obtain high levels of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen by using a simple, rapid, and easily reproducible method. The extraction process and the time-course of activation of zymogens can be carried out in a single laboratory period, without sophisticated equipment. The main objective was to prepare a laboratory class that would stimulate student interest in enzyme regulation, exploring the fact that the catalytic activity of some enzymes is regulated by different mechanisms. The regulation of proteolytic enzymes requires the synthesis of an inactive zymogen and its being irreversibly switched on by specific proteolytic cleavage

Do surgeons treat their patients like they would treat themselves?

Background There is substantial unexplained geographical and surgeon-to-surgeon variation in rates of surgery.Onewould expect surgeons to treat patients and themselves similarly based on best evidence and accounting for patient preferences. Questions/purposes (1) Are surgeons more likely to recommend surgery when choosing for a patient than for themselves? (2) Are surgeons less confident in deciding for patients than for themselves? Methods Two hundred fifty-four (32%) of 790 Science of Variation Group (SOVG) members reviewed 21 fictional upper extremity cases (eg, distal radius fracture, De Quervain tendinopathy) for which surgery is optional answering two questions: (1) What treatment would you choose/recommend: operative or nonoperative? (2) On a scale from 0 to 10, how confident are you about this decision? Confidence is the degree that one believes that his or her decision is the right one (ie, most appropriate). Participants were orthopaedic, trauma, and plastic surgeons, all with an interest in treating upper extremity conditions. Half of the participants were randomized to choose for themselves if they had this injury or illness. The other half was randomized to make treatment recommendations for a patient of their age and gender. For the choice of operative or nonoperative, the overall recommendation for treatment was expressed as a surgery score per surgeon by dividing the number of cases they would operate on by the total number of cases (n = 21), where 100% is when every surgeon recommended surgery for every case. For confidence, we calculated the mean confidence for all 21 cases per surgeon; overall score ranges from 0 to 10 with a higher score indicating more confidence in the decision for treatment. Results Surgeons were more likely to recommend surgery for a patient (44.2% ± 14.0%) than they were to choose surgery for themselves (38.5% ± 15.4%) with a mean difference of 6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1%-9.4%; p = 0.002). Surgeons were more confident in deciding for themselves than they were for a patient of similar age and gender (self: 7.9 ± 1.0, patient: 7.5 ± 1.2, mean difference: 0.35 [CI, 0.075-0.62], p = 0.012). Conclusions Surgeons are slightly more likely to recommend surgery for a patient than they are to choose surgery for themselves and they choose for themselves with a little more confidence. Different perspectives, preferences, circumstantial information, and cognitive biases might explain the observed differences. This emphasizes the importance of (1) understanding patients' preferences and their considerations for treatment; (2) being aware that surgeons and patients might weigh various factors differently; (3) giving patients more autonomy by letting them balance risks and benefits themselves (ie, shared decisionmaking); and (4) assessing how dispassionate evidencebased decision aids help inform the patient and influences their decisional conflict