Women's Work, Care-GivingandTwo Traditions in SocialWelfare

This paper analyzes differences between social welfare emanating from a reciprocity orientation that had its roots in charity and the church and social welfare emanating from a pooling orientation that had its roots in work relegated to women in the family, It suggests that pooling welfare is more appropriate to the state, but that the more successful a program is the more likely it is to blunt the public support it requires

Enriching or Depleting? The Dynamics of Engagement in Work and Family Roles

This study develops a model of engagement in the multiple roles of work and family. I examine two competing arguments about the effects of engaging in multiple roles, depletion and enrichment, and integrate them by identifying the type of emotional response to a role, negative or positive, as a critical contrasting assumption held by these two perspectives. Moreover, I represent depletion and enrichment as complex multistep processes that include multiple constructs, such as engagement and emotion. This study jointly examines both the depleting and enriching processes that link engagement in one role to engagement in another, using structural equation modeling. Findings from a survey of 790 employees reveal evidence for both depletion and enrichment as well as gender differences. Specifically, depletion existed only for women and only in the work-to-family direction. Men experienced enrichment from work to family, while women experienced enrichment from family to work. Overall, more linkages were found between work and family for women than for men

Gas permeable vs gas impermeable contact lenses and their compared effects on the cornea

A study was completed comparing the differences in effect of gas permeable contact lenses (Polycon) vs gas impermeable contact lenses (PMMA). Eleven subjects were chosen, each of whom were to wear a Polycon lens on one eye and a PMMA lens on the other eye. Keratometric findings, refraction, visual acuity, edema and the endothelial mosaic were measured at varying stages of wear. It was shown that there was significantly less edema with the Polycon lens. Also it was found that the slides taken of endothelial cells could not be read as well when the eye photographed was wearing a PMMA lens (as opposed .to the Polycon lens). It therefore appears that more corneal change is taking place when a PMMA lens is worn: than when a Polycon lens is worn

Being There: Work Engagement and Positive Organizational Scholarship

In this chapter, we examine the psychological state of employee work engagement. Our objective is to provide an overview of the engagement construct, clarify its definition, and discuss its behavioral outcomes. We discuss the development of the work engagement construct, which has led to many inconsistencies among scholars about its definition. We clarify that engagement captures employees’ strong focus of attention, intense absorption, and high energy toward their work-related tasks. Work engagement is important to the positive organizational scholarship (POS) field because engagement can lead to a number of positive outcomes, such as in-role and extra-role performance, client satisfaction, proactivity, adaptivity, and creativity. Managers, however, must ensure that employees have adequate resources and sufficient breaks, so that engagement does not lead to burnout or depletion. We encourage scholars interested in studying engagement in the future to investigate the contextual moderators that affect the relationship between engagement and employee behavior and examine the differential effects of the components of engagement—attention, absorption, and energy

Simple Model of the Transduction of Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as HIV's trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) and polyarginine rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction. They may be medically useful when fused to well-chosen chains of fewer than about 35 amino acids. I offer a simple model of transduction in which phosphatidylserines and CPPs effectively form two plates of a capacitor with a voltage sufficient to cause the formation of transient pores (electroporation). The model is consistent with experimental data on the transduction of oligoarginine into mouse C2-C12 myoblasts and makes three testable predictions.Comment: Seven pages. For a more complete version including the effects of counterions, see arXiv:0810.2358v3 [q-bio.BM