Micropartículas poliméricas biodegradáveis contendo cetorolaco como estratégia tecnológica para liberação controlada intra-ocular

Neste projeto, em continuidade a projetos anteriores, temos como objetivo desenvolver micropartículas biodegradáveis contendo o anti-inflamatório não esteróide cetorolaco (CT) para administração intra-ocular. As micropartículas foram baseadas na estrutura matricial, na qual o fármaco está homogeneamente distribuído na matriz polimérica seca. A técnica de obtenção utilizada no estudo foi a secagem por o Spray drying, a qual pode proporcionar partículas homogêneas e com dimensões apropriadas para a utilização pretendida. Foram obtidas micropartículas com várias proporções fármaco:polímero para evidenciar possíveis interações entre esses componentes. Estudos anteriores permitiram-nos definir que o polímero PLGA 85:15, é o polímero mais apropriado ao tempo de liberação necessário ao uso oftalmológico do cetorolaco. As condições inicias de operação do Spray drier foram estabelecidas em estudos anteriores em nosso grupo. As micropartículas foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, pela determinação dos diâmetros médios, por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (IV), por Análise Térmica (DSC, TG/DTG, DTA) e por Difração de Raios X (DRX). A análise quantitativa do fármaco microencapsulado ou não foi realizada por Espectroscopia UV-Vis. Finalmente, a eficiência terapêutica será verificada in vivo através de estudos de biodisponibilidade em coelhos albinos, conforme protocolos estabelecidos juntamente com as equipes de oftalmologia do Hospital de Olhos de Araraquara e do Departamento de oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Unifesp. A metodologia proposta mostrou-se eficiente na preparação de micropartículas de PLGA contendo CT nas concentrações de 15%, 25%, 35% e 50%, entretanto a partir da concentração de 35% as partículas não assumem forma definida...In this project, continuing the previous projects, we aim to develop biodegradable microparticles containing the NSAID ketorolac (CT) for intraocular administration. The microparticles were based on the matrix structure, in which the drug is homogeneously distributed in the dried polymer matrix. The technique of obtaining used in this study was dried by the spray drying, which can provide the particles with homogeneous dimensions appropriate for the intended use. Microparticles were obtained with various ratios drug: polymer for evidence of possible interactions between these components. Previous studies have enabled us to establish that the PLGA 85:15 polymer, the polymer is more appropriate to the release time necessary for the ophthalmic use of ketorolac. The initial conditions of operation of the spray drier were established in previous studies in our group. The microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, by determining the average diameter by infrared spectroscopy (IR) for Thermal Analysis (DSC, TG / DTG, DTA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Quantitative analysis or microencapsulated drug has not been performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, the therapeutic effectiveness is verified through in vivo bioavailability studies in rabbits, according to established protocols with the teams of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Olhos de Araraquara and Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo- UNIFESP. The proposed method was effective in the preparation of PLGA microparticles containing CT in concentrations of 15%, 25%, 35% and 50%, but at concentrations of 35% particles do not assume a defined shape, while at lower concentrations than the predominant form is spherical with a tendency to agglomerate. The average particle diameter increases as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Micropartículas biodegradáveis para liberação prolongada intraocular de cetorolaco de trometamina obtidas po Spray Drying

As doenças que afetam o globo ocular de maneira geral têm a terapêutica limitada pela grande dificuldade de se atingir e manter níveis efetivos de fármacos nessa região. Isso porque as formas farmacêuticas convencionais para as doenças oculares são destinadas a aplicação tópica, e não proporcionam níveis terapêuticos no corpo vítreo, retina e coróide. Dessa forma, os sistemas de liberação prolongada de fármacos para aplicação intraocular representam um interesse significativo para a terapêutica em oftalmologia. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir através da técnica de “Spray Drying” micropartículas biodegradáveis a partir do ácido poli-láctico-co-glicólico (PLGA) contendo cetorolaco de trometamina (CETO), um antiinflamatório não-esteróide que tem apresentado resultados relevantes no tratamento pós-operatório de cirurgias oftálmicas, proporcionando maior conforto e diminuindo os efeitos colaterais causados pelos antiinflamatórios esteróides. Utilizando o método proposto foram produzidas micropartículas com diferentes proporções de CETO:PLGA. As micropartículas foram visualizadas através da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), apresentando formato esférico e uniforme, com superfícies lisas, e o tamanho médio e distribuição de tamanho das partículas foram determinados através do espalhamento de luz. Somente uma das amostras foi descartada, devido a não formação de microesferas. As propriedades físico-químicas de todos os sistemas foram estudadas utilizando espectroscopia de infravermelho (IR), calometria diferencial exploratória (DSC) e termogravimetria/termogravimetria derivada. Os resultados destes estudos mostraram que após a obtenção as estruturas químicas dos componentes foram preservadas...The diseases that affect the ocular globe generally have limited treatment due their difficulty to achieve and sustain effective levels of drugs in this region. Because conventional pharmaceutical forms for ocular diseases are destined to topical application, and not provide therapeutic levels in vitreous, retina and choroid. In this way, the ocular drug delivery systems represent a strategy for therapy in ophthalmology. Thus, the present work had as aim to produce through Spray drying technique biodegradable microparticles of poly-lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) containing ketorolac tromethamine (CETO), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory that has presented relevant results in post-operative treating of ophthalmic surgery, providing greater comfort and reducing the adverse effects caused by steroidal anti-inflammatory. Using the considered method were produced microparticles with different ratios of CETO: PLGA. The microparticles were accessed through Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), presenting itself spherical and uniform, smooth surface, and the particle size analysis and mean diameter were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering. Only one non spherical sample was dismissed. The physicochemical properties of all systems were studied using infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogrametry/ derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The results of these studies showed that after produced the chemical structure of components were preserved, only having the necessaries interactions to promote prolonged released. The amounts of encapsulated CETO were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

ESTRATÉGIAS TECNOLÓGICAS PARA FORMULAÇÕES DE ANFOTERICINA B EM SISTEMAS LIPÍDICOS DISPONÍVEIS NO MERCADO FARMACÊUTICO E OUTROS PROMISSORES SISTEMAS DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO

A anfotericina B (AmB) é um fármaco antifúngico utilizado no tratamento de micoses sistêmicas desde sua descoberta nos anos de 1950. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o estado da arte das estratégias tecnológicas envolvidas nas formas de administração da AmB, nas intervenções diretas nos aspectos de melhoria de solubilidade do fármaco, que possibilitem sua administração por via intravenosa (iv) e minimizem sua toxicidade. Devido à limitada utilidade clínica do sal de desoxicolato (Fungizon®) em razão de sua alta toxicidade, sistemas de liberação mais eficientes foram desenvolvidos. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas as principais formulações disponíveis no mercado farmacêutico e outras formulações lipídicas promissoras, as quais se mostraram mais eficazes como veículos de solubilização e menos tóxicas quando comparadas com a AmB esoxicolato, mas ainda não fazem parte da rotina hospitalar para o tratamento de micoses profundas

Development and characterization of biocompatible isotropic and anisotropic oil-in-water colloidal dispersions as a new delivery system for methyl dihydrojasmonate antitumor drug

Microemulsions (MEs) are colloidal systems that can be used for drug-delivery and drug-targeting purposes. These systems are able to incorporate drugs modifying bioavailability and stability and reducing toxic effects. The jasmonate compounds belong to a group of plant stress hormones, and the jasmonic acid and its methyl ester derivative have been described as having anticancer activity. However, these compounds are very poorly water-soluble, not allowing administration by an intravenous route without an efficient nanostructured carrier system. In this work, biocompatible MEs of appropriate diameter size for intravenous route administration, loaded and unloaded with methyl dihydrojasmonate (MJ), were developed and described in a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The compositions of the MEs were carefully selected from their own regions in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The formulations were analyzed by light scattering, polarized light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Also, a study on rheological profile was performed. The results showed that the droplet size decreased with both MJ incorporation and oil phase/surfactant ratio. All compositions of the studied MEs showed rheological behavior of pseudoplastic fluid and amorphous structures. In the absence of MJ, most of the studied MEs had thixotropic characteristics, which became antithixotropic in the presence of the drug. Almost all MJ-unloaded MEs presented anisotropic characteristics, but some formulations became isotropic, especially in the presence of MJ. The results of this study support the conclusion that the studied system represents a promising vehicle for in vivo administration of the MJ antitumor drug.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Thermal behavior and stability of biodegradable spray-dried microparticles containing triamcinolone

Thermal analysis has been widely used for obtaining information about drug-polymer interactions and for pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this work, biodegradable microparticles Of Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) containing triamcinolone (TR) in various drug:polymer ratios were produced by spray drying. The main purpose of this study was to study the effect of the spray-drying process not only on the drug-polymer interactions but also on the stability of microparticles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), X-ray analysis (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The evaluation of drug-polymer interactions and the pre-formulation studies were assessed using the DSC, TG and DTG, and IR. The quantitative analysis of drugs entrapped in PLGA microparticles was performed by the HPLC method. The results showed high levels of drug-loading efficiency for all used drug: polymer ratio, and the polymorph used for preparing the microparticles was the form B. The DSC and TG/DTG profiles for drug-loaded microparticles were very similar to those for the physical mixtures of the components. Therefore, a correlation between drug content and the structural and thermal properties of drug-loaded PLGA microparticles was established. These data indicate that the spray-drying technique does not affect the physico-chemical stability of the microparticle components. These results are in agreement with the IR analysis demonstrating that no significant chemical interaction occurs between TR and PLGA in both physical mixtures and microparticles. The results of the X-ray analysis are in agreement with the thermal analysis data showing that the amorphous form of TR prevails over a small fraction of crystalline phase of the drug also present in the TR-loaded microparticles. From the pre-formulation studies, we have found that the spray-drying methodology is an efficient process for obtaining TR-loaded PLGA microparticles. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FAPESPFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPqPADC-FCFPADC-FCFCAPESCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Structural and thermal properties of spray-dried methotrexate-loaded biodegradable microparticles

Drug-polymer interactions, structural properties, thermal behavior, and stability of biodegradable microparticles are fundamental aspects in the developing of new polymeric drug delivery systems. In this study, poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles containing methotrexate (MTX) were successfully obtained by spray drying. Scanning electronic microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and drug-loading efficiency were used to investigate the effect of drug-polymer ratio and its interactions, in a new MTX-loaded PLGA spray-dried microparticles. High levels of encapsulation efficiency (about 90 %) and a prevalent spherical shape were identified for different drug-polymer ratios used (9, 18, and 27 % m/m). The thermal analyses (DSC and TG) and XRD indicate that MTX is homogeneously distributed in the polymeric matrix, with a prevalent amorphous state in a stable molecular dispersion. Therefore, a correlation between drug content and the structural-thermal properties of drug-loaded PLGA microparticles was established using the thermal analysis data. The biodegradable microparticle leads to an increment of thermal stability of MTX, confirming that spray drying is an efficient process for obtaining MTX-loaded PLGA microparticles.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES