21,893 research outputs found
FLOW STRUCTURE IN THE HORIZONTAL SLUG FLOW
Successions of long gas bubbles and liquid slugs form the so-called slug flow
pattern in a gas-liquid flow. A unit cell encompassing one gas bubble and one
liquid slug characterizes this alternating gas-liquid flow. The kinematic and
dynamic flow mechanisms responsible for the interactions between the successive
unit cells are still an open question. Inside this context, this work addresses
specifically to the bubble velocity, the bubble to bubble interactions and the
entrance mechanisms. Within an experimental framework the spatial evolution of
each unit cell structure is individualized during the acquisition period. The
experimental apparatus consisted of a 23.4 m long transparent Plexiglas pipe,
26mm ID, which means a total relative length of 900 free diameters. The air and
water were mixed at the inlet of the test section and discharged into a collecting
tank open to the atmosphere. The instantaneous measurements of the flow structure
were made with double-wire conductive probes. The probes were installed in
four measuring stations; each station had two probes slightly apart. The measuring
stations were located at 127D, 273D, 506D e 777D from the mixer. The
experimental database is further processed to give rise to histograms and
correlations among flow variable
Photon Self-Induced Spin to Orbital Conversion in TGG crystal at high laser power
In this paper, we present experimental evidence of a newly discovered
third-order nonlinear optical process Self-Induced Spin-to-Orbital Conversion
(SISTOC) of the photon angular momentum. This effect is the physical mechanism
at the origin of the depolarization of very intense laser beams propagating in
isotropic materials. The SISTOC process, like self-focusing, is triggered by
laser heating leading to a radial temperature gradient in the medium. In this
work we tested the occurrence of SISTOC in a terbium gallium garnet (TGG) rod
for an impinging laser power of about 100~W. To study the SISTOC process we
used different techniques: polarization analysis, interferometry and tomography
of the photon orbital angular momentum. Our results confirm, in particular,
that the apparent depolarization of the beam is due to the occurrence of
maximal entanglement between the spin and orbital angular momentum of the
photons undergoing the SISTOC process. This explanation of the true nature of
the depolarization mechanism could be of some help in finding novel methods to
reduce or to compensate for this usually unwanted depolarization effect in all
cases where very high laser power and good beam quality are required.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures, submitte
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