Self-control interventions for children under age 10 for improving self-control and delinquency and problem behaviors

Self-control improvement programs are intended to serve many purposes, most notably improving self-control. Yet, interventions such as these often aim to reduce delinquency and problem behaviors. However, there is currently no summary statement available regarding whether or not these programs are effective in improving self-control and reducing delinquency and problem behaviors. The main objective of this review is to assess the available research evidence on the effect of self-control improvement programs on self-control and delinquency and problem behaviors. In addition to investigating the overall effect of early selfcontrol improvement programs, this review will examine, to the extent possible, the context in which these programs may be most successful. The studies included in this systematic review indicate that self-control improvement programs are an effective intervention for improving self-control and reducing delinquency and problem behaviors, and that the effect of these programs appears to be rather robust across various weighting procedures, and across context, outcome source, and based on both published and unpublished data

Peritonite infecciosa felina: 13 casos Feline infectious peritonitis: 13 cases

Numa pesquisa realizada em tecidos de 638 gatos necropsiados, foram encontrados 13 casos (2,03%) de peritonite infecciosa felina. Oito desses casos (61,53%) eram da forma efusiva ou úmida, e 5 apresentavam a forma seca ou não-efusiva da doença. A idade dos gatos afetados variou de 2 meses a 3 anos. Doze gatos (92,30%) eram de raças puras, cinco deles (38,47%) eram oriundos de ambientes onde havia mais de um gato e três eram provenientes de um mesmo gatil. A duração da doença clínica foi de 7 a 45 dias e os sinais clínicos incluíram emagrecimento, anorexia, diarréia, icterícia, vômito, linfadenopatia e distúrbios neurológicos. Os achados de necropsia na forma úmida incluíam excesso de líquido viscoso (50ml a 1 litro), translúcido ou levemente opaco na cavidade peritoneal e, em um caso, na cavidade torácica. Exsudato fibrinoso cobria as superfícies serosas dos órgãos abdominais dando-lhes aspecto granular e brancacento. Na forma seca, havia múltiplos focos granulomatosos sob a superfície serosa e para o interior do parênquima de órgãos abdominais; esses achados eram particularmente proeminentes nos rins. Opacidade de córnea foi observada em um gato. Histologicamente, havia graus variáveis de vasculite e perivasculite piogranulomatosa, particularmente em arteríolas. Meningite ou meningoencefalite piogranulomatosa foram observadas em três gatos com a forma seca de peritonite infecciosa felina.<br>In a survey carried out in tissue specimens from 638 necropsied cats, 13 cases (2.03%) of feline infectious peritonitis were found. Eight of those (61.53%) were of the effusive or wet form and five had the dry non-effusive form of the disease. Ages of affected cats varied from 2-months to 3 yeas. Twelve affected cats (92.30%) were purebreds, five of these cats (38.47%) came from households with more than one cat and three of them came from the same comercial cat raising facility. The duration of clinical courses were 7-45 days and clinical signs included loss of weight, anorexia, diarrhea, jaundice, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes, and neurological disturbances. Necropsy findings, in the wet form included excess of yellowish viscous tanslucent or slightly opaque fluid (50ml-1 liter) in the peritoneal cavity and (in one case) thoracic cavity. Fibrinous exudate covered the serosal surfaces of abdominal organs imparting a whitish, granular, frost-like appearance to them. In the dry form there were multiple granulomatous foci underneath the serosal surface, which extended into the parenchyma of abdominal organs; these findings were particularly prominent in the kidneys. Corneal opacity was observed in one cat. Histologically, there were variable degrees of disseminated piogranulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis particularly in arterioles. Pyogranulomatous meningitis or meningoencephalitis were observed in three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis

Padronização do teste ELISA baseado em antígeno capsular purificado dos sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Standarization of ELISA test based on purified capsular antigen from serotypes 3, 5 and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Foram padronizados testes de ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) baseados em antígeno capsular purificado de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae sorotipos 3, 5 e 7, prevalentes no Brasil. Para a padronização foram utilizadas amostras de soro provenientes de leitões inoculados com os três sorotipos do agente em estudo, dos quais se colheram amostras de sangue semanais, durante 15 semanas para estudo da dinâmica da síntese de anticorpos. O controle negativo dos testes constituiu-se de um mistura de 130 soros de animais livres de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App). Os antígenos também foram testados com amostras de soro de animais infectados com outros agentes causadores de doenças respiratórias e vacinados contra rinite atrófica. Os antígenos produzidos foram eficientes na detecção de animais infectados com App, permitindo determinar densidades óticas superiores à média dos soros controles negativos acrescida de quatro desvios-padrões. Os testes de ELISA para os sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 apresentaram especificidade de 100% e sensibilidade de 92, 88 e 90%, respectivamente. Não ocorreram reações cruzadas com outros sorotipos, assim como com soros de animais inoculados com outros agentes causadores de problemas respiratórios. Os resultados foram analisados através da análise discriminante de ANDERSON (1958), utilizando-se o programa Statistical Analysis System. Concluiu-se que os antígenos testados são adequados para sorotipar animais que tenham sido submetidos ao screening através de um teste de ELISA polivalente baseado em LPS-LC.<br>Three ELISA (Enzime-linked immunosorbent assay) tests based on purified capsular antigen from serotypes 3, 5 and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, prevalent in Brazil, were standardized. Serum samples, collected from piglets inoculated with these three serotypes, were used to standardize the test. In order to study the dynamic of antibody synthesis, weekly blood samples were collected from these piglets. A pool of 130 sera obtained from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae -free pigs was used as negative control for the tests. The antigens were also tested with serum samples from animals infected with other respiratory infectious agents and vaccinated against athrofic rinitis. The antigens were efficient in detecting animals infected with App. Optical densities above the average of the negative control sera plus four standard deviation were detected. ELISA tests to serotypes 3, 5 and 7 showed specificity of 100% and sensibility of 92, 88 and 90%, respectively. No cross reaction with other serotypes or with sera of animals inoculated with other respiratory pathogens was observed. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System program. Antigens tested were adequate for serotyping animals previously screened through a polyvalent LPS-LC ELISA test