Determinantes da mortalidade neonatal: estudo caso-controle em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil Determinants of neonatal mortality: a case-control study in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil

Este trabalho objetivou determinar os fatores preditores da mortalidade neonatal utilizando modelagem hierarquizada. Trata-se de estudo caso-controle, com 132 casos e 264 controles. Foram considerados casos os recém-nascidos que morreram antes de completar 28 dias, e os controles os sobreviventes, nascidos e filhos de mães residentes em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. O modelo de análise de regressão logística hierarquizada identificou fatores associados ao óbito neonatal: raça materna com efeito protetor para raça parda/negra (OR = 0,23; IC95%: 0,09-0,56), tempo gasto entre o deslocamento de casa ao hospital > 30 minutos (OR = 3,12; IC95%: 1,34-7,25), tempo < 1h ou > 10h entre a internação e o parto (OR = 2,43; IC95%: 1,24-4,76) e pré-natal inadequado (OR = 2,03; IC95%: 1,03-3,99), baixo peso ao nascer (OR = 14,75; IC95%: 5,26-41,35), prematuridade (OR = 3,41; IC95%: 1,29-8,98) e sexo masculino (OR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,09-4,03). Nessa casuística, as mortes neonatais foram associadas à qualidade da assistência pré-natal e da assistência direta ao trabalho de parto.<br>This case-control study with 132 cases and 264 controls aimed to determine predictors of neonatal mortality using hierarchical modeling. Cases were defined as newborns that died within 28 days of birth, and controls as the survivors, among infants of mothers living in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil. Hierarchical logistic regression identified factors associated with neonatal death: maternal race, with brown/black race showing a protective effect (OR = 0.23; IC95%: 0.09-0.56), time spent from home to the hospital > 30 minutes (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 1.34-7.25), time < 1h or > 10 hours between hospital admission and delivery (OR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.24-4.76), inadequate prenatal care (OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.03-3.99), low birth weight (OR = 14.75; 95%CI: 5.26-41.35), prematurity (OR = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.29-8.98), and male gender (OR = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.09-4.03). In this case series, neonatal deaths were associated with the quality of prenatal care and direct care during labor

The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Cancer Incidence Varies by Smoking History

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer incidence, and cancer mortality by smoking history. DESIGN/SETTING: A prospective, general community cohort was established with a baseline mailed questionnaire completed in 1986. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample of 41,836 Iowa women aged 55–69 years. MEASUREMENTS: Mortality (total, cancer, and CHD) and cancer incidence outcomes were collected through 1999. Relative hazard rates (HR) were calculated using Cox regression analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Among never smokers, alcohol consumption (≥14 g/day vs none) was inversely associated with age-adjusted CHD mortality (HR, 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.84) and total mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.92). Among former smokers, alcohol consumption was also inversely associated with CHD mortality (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.88) and total mortality (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.97), but was positively associated with cancer incidence (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.51). Among current smokers, alcohol consumption was not associated with CHD mortality (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.50) or total mortality (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.25), but was positively associated with cancer incidence (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.54). CONCLUSIONS: Health behavior counseling regarding alcohol consumption for cardioprotection should include a discussion of the lack of a decreased risk of CHD mortality for current smokers and the increased cancer risk among former and current smokers