104 research outputs found
Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina and Globoquadrina
The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of
Oligocene and lower Miocene Dentoglobigerina
and Globoquadrina are reviewed. Because of the
discovery of spine holes in various species assigned
to these genera, the entire group is now considered to
have been fully or sparsely spinose in life and hence
part of Family Globigerinidae. One new species,
Dentoglobigerina eotripartita Pearson, Wade, and
Olsson n. sp., is named. Dentoglobigerina includes
forms with and without umbilical teeth and species
for which the presence or absence of a tooth is a
variable feature. A significant finding has been the
triple synonymy of Globigerina tripartita Koch,
Globigerina rohri Bolli, and Globoquadrina dehiscens
praedehiscens Blow, which greatly simplifies part of
the taxonomy. The genus Globoquadrina is restricted
to its type species, Globigerina dehiscens Chapman and
others. The following species from the time interval
of interest are regarded as valid: Dentoglobigerina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis), Dentoglobigerina
baroemoenensis (LeRoy), Dentoglobigerina
binaiensis (Koch), Dentoglobigerina eotripartita
Pearson, Wade, and Olsson n. sp., Dentoglobigerina
galavisi (Bermúdez), Dentoglobigerina
globosa (Bolli), Dentoglobigerina globularis
(Bermúdez), Dentoglobigerina juxtabinaiensis
Fox and Wade, Dentoglobigerina larmeui (Akers),
Dentoglobigerina prasaepis (Blow), Dentoglobigerina
pseudovenezuelana (Blow and Banner),
Dentoglobigerina sellii (Borsetti), Dentoglobigerina
taci Pearson and Wade, Dentoglobigerina tapuriensis
(Blow and Banner), Dentoglobigerina tripartita
(Koch), Dentoglobigerina venezuelana (Hedberg),
and Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr,
and Collins). The genus Dentoglobigerina also
comprises other Neogene/Quaternary species not
listed, including the living species Dentoglobigerina
cf. conglomerata (Schwager)
Taxonomy, biostratigraphy, and phylogeny of Oligocene and early Miocene Paragloborotalia and Parasubbotina
The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biostratigraphy of
Oligocene and early Miocene Paragloborotalia and
Parasubbotina are reviewed. The two genera are
closely related; Paragloborotalia was derived from
Parasubbotina in the early Eocene. Parasubbotina
was more diverse during the middle Eocene, while
Paragloborotalia experienced considerable diversification during the mid-Oligocene and in the latest
Oligocene-earliest Miocene. A significant finding has
been the synonymization of Globorotalia (Tuborotalia) mendacis Blow, and Turborotalia primitiva BrÓ§nnimann and Resig with Globorotalia birnageae Blow.
The following species from the time interval of interest are regarded as valid: Paragloborotalia acrostoma
(Wezel), Paragloborotalia birnageae (Blow), Paragloborotalia continuosa (Blow), Paragloborotalia
incognita (Walters) Paragloborotalia kugleri (Bolli),
Paragloborotalia mayeri (Cushman and Ellisor),
Paragloborotalia nana (Bolli), Paragloborotalia opima
(Bolli), Paragloborotalia pseudocontinuosa (Jenkins),
Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri (Blow), Paragloborotalia semivera (Hornibrook), Paragloborotalia siakensis (LeRoy), Parasubbotina hagni (Gohrbandt),
and Parasubbotina varianta (Subbotina).
Paragloborotalia is a long-lived group of
planktonic foraminifera that spanned the early Eocene to late Miocene and provided the root stock for
the evolution of multiple smooth, nonspinose, and
keeled globorotaliid lineages during the Neogene.
The early Oligocene forms of Paragloborotalia (nana,
opima, siakensis, pseudocontinuosa) have 4 or 5 globular chambers in the final whorl with radial spiral
sutures and a broadly rounded periphery. A trend
from radial to curved spiral sutures is observed in
late Oligocene and earliest Miocene lineages. Most
species of Paragloborotalia had wide distributions,
but some were more common in tropical to warm
subtropical waters (e.g., siakensis, kugleri) and were
especially dominant in the equatorial Pacific divergence zone (e.g., nana, opima, and pseudocontinuosa)
analogous to modern tropical upwelling Neogloboquadrina. Other species thrived in cool subtropical
and temperate waters (e.g., acrostoma, incognita)
The neighbourhood social environment and alcohol use among urban and rural Scottish adolescents
Funding for the Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children was provided by NHS Scotland. This work was also supported by the 600th Anniversary Ph.D. Scholarship which was awarded to Gina Martin by the University of St Andrews.Objectives This research examined the relationship between neighbourhood social environmental characteristics and drinking outcomes among a sample of urban and rural adolescents. Methods From a sample of 1558 Scottish secondary schoolchildren, surveyed as part of the 2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we modelled three drinking outcomes on a variety of neighbourhood conditions, including social cohesion, disorder, alcohol outlet density, deprivation, and urban/rurality. Nested and cross-classified multilevel logistic regressions were specified. Results An urban-to-rural gradient was found with non-urban adolescents exhibiting higher odds of having ever drank. Neighbourhood social cohesion related to having ever drank. Among drinkers, those living in accessible small towns had higher odds of weekly drinking and drunkenness compared to urban areas. Higher odds of drunkenness were also found in remote rural areas. Those residing in the least deprived areas had lower odds of weekly drinking. Conclusions In Scotland, inequalities exist in adolescent alcohol use by urban/rurality and neighbourhood social conditions. Findings support regional targeting of public health efforts to address inequalities. Future work is needed to develop and evaluate intervention and prevention approaches for neighbourhoods at risk.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Role of TNFα in pulmonary pathophysiology
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is the most widely studied pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF superfamily. In pathophysiological conditions, generation of TNFα at high levels leads to the development of inflammatory responses that are hallmarks of many diseases. Of the various pulmonary diseases, TNFα is implicated in asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition to its underlying role in the inflammatory events, there is increasing evidence for involvement of TNFα in the cytotoxicity. Thus, pharmacological agents that can either suppress the production of TNFα or block its biological actions may have potential therapeutic value against a wide variety of diseases. Despite some immunological side effects, anti-TNFα therapeutic strategies represent an important breakthrough in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and may have a role in pulmonary diseases characterized by inflammation and cell death
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