<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Traditional knowledge associated with <i>numsing, </i>an ethnic fish product prepared by <i>Mising</i> tribes of Upper Assam, India</span>

91-96<span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt" lang="EN-US">The common method of preparation of numsing, a traditional fish product developed by the Mising community of Assam and the traditional knowledge associated with it are discussed. Flame dried and smoked small economic fish species (Puntius spp., Amblypharyngodon sp., Lepidocephalus sp., Channa spp., Trichogaster (Colisa) spp., Danio spp., Mastacembelus spp., Mystus spp., Rasbora spp., etc.) and petioles of arum (Alocasia macrorrhiza) are ground together, packed in bamboo container and fermented for about 30 days to prepare the product. The complete process involves 11 distinct steps and the end product is preserved in the fermenting bamboo container itself by keeping it suspended over a fire place. It is consumed after steam cooking or after preparing some curry along with vegetables. Protein rich fish is balanced with carbohydrate content in the product, probably increasing the dietary fibre content as well, when it is supplemented with arum petioles. In addition, the product is the outcome of a wonderful traditional technology which combines three well established food processing techniques –drying, smoking and fermentation and also a compatible means of preserving fish for scares-fish seasons as a partial solution to protein malnutrition. </span

Physicochemical characters of oilseeds from selected mustard genotypes

To evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of oilseeds, three varieties of mustard oilseeds were studied their seed weight, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, total energy and minerals composition of oil and cake. Among the varieties the highest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.24 g) and the lowest thousand grain weight was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (3.17 g). The highest moisture content was observed from BARI Sarisha-15 (4.52%); whereas the lowest moisture content was found in BARI Sarisha-17 (4.10%). The variety BARI Sarisha-17 contained significantly highest amount of oil (41.98%) whereas the variety BARI Sarisha-16 contained lowest amount of oil (40.95%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of ash (14.20%). Significantly highest amount of protein was obtained from BARI Sarisha-15 (28.00%) and the lowest amount of protein obtained from BARI Sarisha-17 (22.57%). BARI Sarisha-17 contained highest amount of carbohydrate (18.85%), whereas BARI Sarisha-15 contained the lowest amount of carbohydrate (13.73%). BARI Sarisha-16 contained highest amount of Ca (2.52%) and Zn (66.80%). BARI Sarisha-15 contained highest amounts Cu (13.40%) and Fe (170.30%). Mustard varieties contained erucic acid (51.35-50.67%). Highest amount of total saturated fatty acid (TSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha- 15 (9.02%) and the lowest amount contained BARI Sarisha-16 (8.28%). Highest amount of total unsaturated fatty acid (TUSFA) contained in BARI Sarisha-17 (90.26%) lowest amount contained in BARI Sarisha-16 (87.04%). The highest amount of gross energy found from BARI Sarisha-15 (543.60 kcal/g; while lowest amount of gross energy recorded from BARI Sarisha-16 (531.20 kcal/g). Highest saponification value found in BARI Sarisha-17 (159.40) and lowest saponification value was found in BARI Sarisha-15 (157.6). The result of this research work confirms the mustard varieties seed to be of good quality and can be used for food preparation. The knowledge of this study could be utilized for various food preparation and selection for breeding purpose

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Not AvailableMicrobial infection outbreaks and the indiscriminate use of therapeutants, and other chemicals are causing an inevitable economic loss in the aquaculture industry. There is an ample research on plant-derived antimicrobial agents that can prevail over microbial resistance. The inflorescence of an invasive aquatic weed, Cyperus rotundus, was examined for its antibacterial properties against Aeromonas veronii in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lead compounds isolated from an antioxidant-rich purified methanol fraction was 31.25 µg/ml against the fish pathogen. Pre-feeding compound-based feed to experimentally challenged catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, resulted in a cumulative survival probability of 85% against A. veronii infection, compared to 10% in untreated challenged fish. Curative outcomes were also obtained from haematological and histopathological investigations. Compared to the conventional antibiotic, Oxytetracycline (−259.95 kcal/mol), the isolated ketone compound, 2-tert-Butyl-9, 10-anthraquinone (−267.14 kcal/mol), exhibited the most favourable docking with aerolysin. ThisNot Availabl

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Not AvailableAn attempt was made to establish association pattern between dimension of fish and otolith to expedite morphometric variations of geographically isolated stocks of Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822), from three diverse ecosystems; viz., an estuarine (brackish water), a riverine (freshwater) and a lacustrine (freshwater) ecosystem. Sampling was carried out during the period from September 2017 to February 2019 and a total of 196 otoliths were sampled from Narmada Estuary (n=69), Brahmaputra River (n=75) and Ukai Reservoir (n=52) of India. Mean otolith length recorded was 3.55±0.14 mm, 5.18±0.09 mm and 3.85±0.07 mm for samples collected from Narmada Estuary, Brahmaputra River and Ukai Reservoir respectively. Otolith length-weight relationship (OLWR) from three ecosystems showed negative allometric b values ranging from 1.9046-2.5048, with significant difference between Narmada Estuary and Brahmaputra River (p0.6); except for relationship between otolith width (OB) and TL in samples from Brahmaputra River (R2 =0.459). Present study provides first-hand information on association pattern of dimension of fish body and otolith of T. ilisha which can be used in geographical mapping of stock profile of the speciesNot Availabl

Solution of large-scale multi-objective optimization models for saltwater intrusion control in coastal aquifers utilizing ANFIS based linked meta-models for computational feasibility and efficiency

Saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers poses significant challenges in the management of vulnerable coastal groundwater resources around the world. To develop a strategy for regional scale sustainable management of coastal aquifers, solution of large-scale multi-objective decision models is essential. The flow and solute transport equations are also density dependent, where the flow parameters are dependent on salt concentration; hence, the flow and solute transport equations need to be solved as coupled equations. In a linked optimization simulation model, the numerical simulation model as a predictor of the physical processes need to be solved enormous number of times to be able to identify an optimum solution as per the specified objectives and constraints. This problem becomes even more complicated when multiple objectives are included and the Pareto optimal solutions need to be determined. Therefore, to ensure the computational efficiency and feasibility of determining a regional scale strategy for control and sustainable use of a coastal aquifer, meta-models that are trained, tested and validated using randomized solutions of the numerical simulation models can be utilized. These meta-models once trained and tested serves the purpose of an approximate emulator of the complex numerical models rendering the solution of a complex and large scale linked optimization model computationally efficient and feasible. The optimal groundwater extraction patterns can be obtained through linked simulation-optimization (S/O) technique in which the simulation part is usually replaced by computationally efficient meta-models. This study proposes a computationally efficient meta-model to emulate density reliant integrated flow and solute transport scenarios of coastal aquifers. A meta-model, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is trained and developed for an illustrative coastal aquifer study area. Prediction accuracy of the developed ANFIS based meta-model is evaluated for suitability. The meta-model is then integrated with a multiple objective coastal aquifer management model to demonstrate the potential application of this methodology. The optimization algorithm utilized for solution is the Controlled Elitist Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm. Performance evaluation results show acceptable accuracy in the obtained optimized management strategies. Therefore, use of trained and tested meta-models linked to an optimization model results in significant computational efficacy. It also ensures computational practicability of solving such large-scale integrated S/O approach for regional scale coastal groundwater management

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