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Not AvailableSpecies-specific PCR assay was developed for the authentication of commercially important seven shrimp spe- cies. Species-specific primers were designed by targeting the mitochondrial 16S RNA and Internal Transcriber Spacer (ITS1) genes. The PCR assays generated the amplicons of 276, 204, 362, 778, 212, 318 and 330 bp length for Penaeus vannamei, Fenneopenaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Metapenaeus affinis, Heterocarpus gibbosus,and Penaeus semisulcatus, respectively. The specificity of primers was confirmed with tar- geted shrimps and non-targeted fishes. The limit of detection of shrimp species was achieved with 1–0.1 ng/μl. The developed assays were validated with 68 commercial shrimp products, and the results revealed 16% of mislabeling. Since, the developed PCR assays possess specificity, sensitivity, and applicability, it can be used as an official method for authentication in shrimp processing industries by the regulatory authorities.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn this study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed for the authentication of three commercially important shrimp species viz., Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, and Penaeus indicus. Three new species-specific primers designed from the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene yielded distinct amplicon size of 360, 277, and 203 bp for P. monodon, P.vannamei, and P.indicus, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and suitability of the multiplex PCR assay was determined as per standard protocol. The assay exhibited high specificity to the target shrimp species. The sensitivity ranged from 1 to 0.1 ng/μl of DNA concentration. In-house validation with eleven types of mixed-species gave 100% correlation in the authentication of the target shrimp species. Field validation with 22 processed commercial shrimp products revealed 22% mislabeling. The developed multiplex PCR assay authenticated the three commercially important Penaeids in processed shrimp products from other related shrimp, fish as well as crab species in a single run.Not Availabl

Afrikaans-speaking parents’ perceptions of the rights of their children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities

This study aimed to describe the perceptions of Afrikaans-speaking parents regarding the human rights, as defined by the United Nation's Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), of their children, aged between 8.0 and 14.11 (years/months), with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The underlying premise is that the CRC defines the rights of children, whereas the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth version (ICF-CY) can provide the framework for documenting a deprivation of rights and the conditions under which those rights can be realized. Forty-seven Afrikaans-speaking parents completed a custom-designed survey. The results of the closed-ended questions indicated that most parents felt that their children had rights and that these rights were met. A theme analysis performed on the open-ended questions revealed that parents were mostly concerned about their children's rights pertaining to school education and safety. These rights were discussed in terms of the CRC articles and linked to environmental codes of the ICF-CY. Finally, the limitations and implications of the study are discussed and recommendations are made.The National Research Foundation (NRF) and Swedish International Developmental Cooperation Agency (SIDA).http://chc.sagepub.comhb2016Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC

#StandWithCongo

On Monday 24th October, I attended the London premiere of the documentary When Elephants Fight at the LSE.[1] What I watched left me both stunned and appalled. I would urge you all to find an opportunity to watch the documentary and join in on the debate. #StandWithCong

Methodological decisions influence the identification of potential core outcomes in studies related to pre-eclampsia: an analysis informing the development of recommendations for future core outcome set developers.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effect of different methodological decisions on the identification of potential core outcomes to inform the development of recommendations for future core coutcome set developers. DESIGN: Mixed methods study. SETTING: A core outcome set for pre-eclampsia was used as an exemplar. SAMPLE: A long list of potential core outcomes was developed by undertaking a systematic review of pre-eclampsia trials and performing a thematic analysis of in-depth patient interviews. METHODS: Specific methods used to generate long lists of potential core outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Different methodological decisions had a substantial impact on the identification of potential core outcomes. Extracting outcomes from published pre-eclampsia trials was an effective way of identifying 48 maternal, eight fetal, 25 neonatal outcomes, and eight patient-reported outcomes. Limiting the extraction of outcomes to primary outcomes or outcomes commonly reported in pre-eclampsia trials reduced the number and diversity of potential core outcomes identified. Thematic analysis of in-depth patient interviews ensured an additional five patient reported outcomes and six outcomes related to future child health were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Future core outcome set developers should use quantitative and qualitative methods when developing a long list of potential core outcomes. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: @OfficialNIHR research published in @BJOGtweets informs new recommendations for future @coreoutcomes developers