9,224 research outputs found
The Step-Harmonic Potential
We analyze the behavior of a quantum system described by a one-dimensional
asymmetric potential consisting of a step plus a harmonic barrier. We solve the
eigenvalue equation by the integral representation method, which allows us to
classify the independent solutions as equivalence classes of homotopic paths in
the complex plane. We then consider the propagation of a wave packet reflected
by the harmonic barrier and obtain an expression for the interaction time as a
function of the peak energy. For high energies we recover the classical
half-period limit.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
Kinetics of first-order phase transitions from microcanonical thermostatistics
More than a century has passed since van't Hoff and Arrhenius formulated
their celebrated rate theories, but there are still elusive aspects in the
temperature-dependent phase transition kinetics of molecular systems. Here I
present a theory based on microcanonical thermostatistics that establishes a
simple and direct temperature dependence for all rate constants, including the
forward and the reverse rate constants, the equilibrium constant, and the
nucleation rate. By considering a generic model that mimic the microcanonical
temperature of molecular systems in a region close to a first-order phase
transition, I obtain shape-free relations between kinetics and thermodynamics
physical quantities which are validated through stochastic simulations.
Additionally, the rate theory is applied to results obtained from protein
folding and ice nucleation experiments, demonstrating that the expressions
derived here can be used to describe the experimental data of a wide range of
molecular systems.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Spacetime geometries and light trapping in travelling refractive index perturbations
In the framework of transformation optics, we show that the propagation of a
locally superluminal refractive index perturbation (RIP) in a Kerr medium can
be described, in the eikonal approximation, by means of a stationary metric,
which we prove to be of Gordon type. Under suitable hypotheses on the RIP, we
obtain a stationary but not static metric, which is characterized by an
ergosphere and by a peculiar behaviour of the geodesics, which are studied
numerically, also accounting for material dispersion. Finally, the equation to
be satisfied by an event horizon is also displayed and briefly discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
- …