Annual Ryegrass Pasture for Dairy Cows Receiving Total Mixed Ration

The inclusion of herbage in the diet of medium yielding dairy cows offered a total mixed ration (TMR) may be beneficial. This study, which involved mid lactation dairy cows, examined the effect of partial replacement of a TMR with annual temperate pasture. Treatments were ad libitum TMR (TMR100), 75% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ‘Maximus’) (TMR75), and 50% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (TMR50). Twelve multiparous Holstein and F1 Jersey × Holstein cows were divided into six homogeneous groups, taking account of milk production (26.6 ± 4.5 kg/day), days in milk (128 ± 50) and body weight (546 ± 31 kg). Treatments were compared in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design, comprising three 21-day periods (measurements during final 5 days). Cows on TMR75 and TMR50 strip grazed between morning and afternoon milking (7 h/day), with a target pre- and post-grazing sward height of 24 and 12 cm, respectively. Herbage DM intake was estimated as the difference between pre- and post-grazing herbage mass. The TMR and herbage had a crude protein content of 150 and 303 g/kg DM, and a NDF content of 366 and 495 g/kg DM, respectively. Herbage DM intake increased from 4.8 kg/day in TMR75 to 6.7 kg/day on TMR50. Total DM intake decreased from 19.4 kg/day (TMR100), to 18.1 and 15.9 kg/day (TMR75 and TMR50, respectively). Milk production, milk fat and milk protein content were similar between treatments, averaging 25.6 kg/day, 44.6 g/kg and 33.7 g/kg, respectively. The net energy for lactation (NEL) supply was 113, 104 and 92% of NEL requirements, for cows receiving TMR100, TMR75 and TMR50, respectively. Ryegrass pastures were able to replace up to 50% of TMR offered to mid lactation dairy cows without any adverse effects on milk production and milk composition

Variation Between Individuals in Voluntary Intake and Herbage Intake of Grazing Dairy Cows

Herbage intake and milk yield of unsupplemented grazing dairy cows are highly variable between animals within a herd (Delaby et al., 2001). The objective of this experiment was to describe the relationship between the individual voluntary intake (VI) of dairy cows measured before turnout and their herbage intake at grazing, at two herbage allowances

Avaliação de cultivares de gergelim no outono - inverno na região Norte-Fluminense.

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Pastagem de missioneira-gigante submetida a alturas de corte e severidades de desfolha em pleno sol e com restrição de luminosidade.

A ampliação das áreas em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária, aliado a necessidade do aumento de produtividade, gera uma demanda de conhecimento que norteie a implantação e o manejo dos sistemas como um todo. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este trabalho a avaliação das características morfológicas e estruturais da pastagem de Missioneira-gigante submetida a diferentes alturas de corte, severidades de desfolha em pleno sol e com restrição de luminosidade. A missioneira-gigante foi cultivada em vasos de 0,30 m2 (1,0 x 0,3 m), com profundidade de 0,5 m. A sombra foi reproduzida por ripados de madeira, com 50% de redução da luminosidade. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de quatro alturas de corte (15, 25, 35 e 45 cm), quatro severidades de desfolha (20, 40, 60 e 80%), em dois ambientes luminosos (sol e sombra), avaliados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 3, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições, totalizando 96 unidades experimentais. Em ambiente com restrição de luminosidade as plantas apresentaram 7,0 cm a mais na altura do dossel para atingir o mesmo nível de interceptação luminosa, quando comparado ao pleno sol. A missioneira-gigante submetida a maior severidade de desfolha apresenta menor densidade populacional de perfilhos vegetativos e totais, independente da condição luminosa

Impacto do manejo e luminosidade na produção de massa aérea e raízes em missioneira-gigante.

Em um sistema de pastejo, a planta deve ser estudada como um todo (parte aérea e raízes), pois as diferentes estruturas interagem para o crescimento e produção. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de massa da parte aérea e de raízes da pastagem de Missioneira-gigante submetida a diferentes alturas de corte (15, 25, 35 e 45 cm), severidades de desfolha (20, 40, 60 e 80%) em pleno sol e sombra (redução de 50% da luminosidade), avaliados em esquema fatorial 4x4x2, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições. A missioneira-gigante foi cultivada em caixas de 0,15 m3. A altura de pastejo ou corte para Missioneira-gigante deve situar-se entre 25 e 35 cm. Severidade de 40% pode ser aplicada para manejo em pleno sol e de 20% para manejo na sombra

Effect of pulsed light on postharvest disease control-related metabolomic variation in melon (Cucumis melo) artificially inoculated with Fusarium pallidoroseum.

Pulsed light, as a postharvest technology, is an alternative to traditional fungicides, and can be used on a wide variety of fruit and vegetables for sanitization or pathogen control. In addition to these applications, other effects also are detected in vegetal cells, including changes in metabolism and secondary metabolite production, which directly affect disease control response mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate pulsed ultraviolet light in controlling postharvest rot, caused by Fusarium pallidoroseum in 'Spanish' melon, in natura, and its implications in disease control as a function of metabolomic variation to fungicidal or fungistatic effects. The dose of pulsed light (PL) that inhibited F. pallidoroseum growth in melons (Cucumis melo var. Spanish) was 9 KJ m-2. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer identified 12 compounds based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation patterns. Chemometric analysis by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squared Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and corresponding S-Plot were used to evaluate the changes in fruit metabolism. PL technology provided protection against postharvest disease in melons, directly inhibiting the growth of F. pallidoroseum through the upregulation of specific fruit biomarkers such as pipecolic acid (11), saponarin (7), and orientin (3), which acted as major markers for the defense system against pathogens. PL can thus be proposed as a postharvest technology to prevent chemical fungicides and may be applied to reduce the decay of melon quality during its export and storage